258 ON FEVERS AMONGST HORSES, CATTLE, ETC. 



open market, and we do not believe it to be very likely that 

 persons would subject themselves voluntarily to experiment on 

 the question, yet we feel at liberty to state, on general grounds, our 

 firm belief in the hurtfulness of the meat which even now finds 

 its way, by special and appropriate channels, to the very poor of 

 London, and all our large cities and towns. 



With reference to one variety of disease mentioned in this 

 paper — viz., "pig typhoid," or " hog cholera," some doubt has 

 been entertained whether it may justly be recognised as a form 

 of anthrax. The writer has followed what he has believed to be 

 a correct course, and althougli j^ost mortem revelations may be 

 somewhat in opposition to the conclusion so long entertained, 

 yet there are points in wliich identity may be observed. We 

 have regarded it as an anthracoid disease, and this conclusion 

 is strengthened by the fact that it sometimes prevails with, and 

 runs into, other forms, as carhuncular angina, or " quinsy." 

 Carhuncular aijoplcxy, and, in continental countries, a form of 

 glos anthrax, known as Stomanthrax Hordeolum, ordinary " pig 

 typhoid," or " hog cholera," we have long regarded as infectious, 

 as the cohabitation of diseased with healthy pigs has repeatedly 

 proved, and likewise the origin of cases where no cohabition being 

 possible, the cause doubtless was due to human agency — persons 

 in attendance having previously handled, or been in close 

 proximity to, diseased animals. The writer is pleased to find 

 his opinions verified by a lengthy account of " hog cholera," 

 and a number of experiments by Professor Axe, which are con- 

 tained in the " Veterinarian " for June, July, August, and 

 September of the present year, besides further testing the 

 matter by inoculation, and giving in support of the investigations 

 of previous observers, that a certain period of 13 or 14 days 

 elapses — the so-called period of latenc}^ or incubation — between 

 the time of known infection or inoculation and appearance of 

 first signs. 



This point being determined, it follows as a necessary course 

 that provision should be 'made in all future Orders of Council 

 relative to contagious diseases of animals for dealino; with this ; 

 likewise in case of death after purchase, when this affection has 

 been present, tlie question of liability may be definitely settled. 



rroiwgation.—lihxQ is effected in various ways, being deter- 

 mined ohiefly by tlie particular form of the malady. These will 

 be referred to separat-ely. 



(a.) Black-qiiartcr , splenic apoplexy of cattle and sheep, })raon) 

 of sheep, parturient apoplexy of cows, and Mack spauld or black- 

 quarter of sheep, as we have attempted to show, are the result of 

 a condition known as hypernutrition — a redundancy of blood in 

 which the fibrinous elements particularly are excessive, and we 

 must tlierefore look to the causes of plethora for the origin of 



