LEICESTER EWES AND LAMBS. 157 



accoiuplislied there will be room for the introduction of the 

 hand, and then laying hold of the head he can deliver the ewe. 

 After severe cases of this description it is necessary to pour a 

 little digestive ointment into the cavity of the vagina to counteract 

 any tendency to gangrene or inflammation. For this purpose 

 Haig's Universal Eemedy may be used with success ; but what 

 is even better is the following recipe : — Of Grace Calvert's car- 

 bolic acid (No. 5) 1 pint to 7 pints of Gallipoli olive oil to be 

 used for bad cases, and for less severe 1 pint of acid to 15 pints 

 of oil. If the ewe is much exhausted, half a pint of oatmeal 

 gruel with a gill of good beer, warmed, and 2 to 4 drachms or so 

 of laudanum should be administered and repeated every three 

 or four hours until the animal begins to improve. Xitric ether 

 might be given with advantage after the severe symptoms begin 

 to abate ; but such remedies are not usually found upon farms, 

 and shepherds are forced to do without them. If, however, it is 

 at hand, it may be given in doses of from 2 to 4 drachms. 

 Shepherds usually give 2 ounces of Epsom salts along with 

 laudanum, and this forms a good medicine when the ewe is not 

 much distressed. 



Another case, although not so common, sometimes occurs, and 

 causes a good deal of trouble. This is the presentation of the 

 hinderquarters first. To effect deliverance the lamber must en- 

 deavour to get hold of both hind legs at once, and, by drawing 

 them gently but firmly, he may often remove the lamb easily in 

 this position. 



There are many more cases which demand a great deal of care 

 and patience upon the operator's part, but it is needless to enter 

 into details as to their treatment, for his own discretion and 

 experience will generally enable him to save the ewe, although 

 it may often be necessary to sacrifice the life of the lamb. Many 

 other things, however, have to be attended to by the laml)er at 

 this time, some of which cause him more trouble than all the 

 bad cases put together. These are ewes giving little or no milk; 

 mothers refusing to recognise their offspring, trins, orphans, and 

 single lambs with ewes which have abundance of milk to bring 

 up twins. 



Let us first refer to his troubles over ewes, and more fre- 

 quently gimmers, which have twin lambs and little milk. This 

 very often happens. Gimmers which have been well kept up to 

 lambing time, after tliey have ]»roduced their lambs, frequently 

 * refuse to eat cake or corn, and thus the milk which is necessary 

 for the maintenance of their oll'spring is not forthcoming. When 

 this happens the ewe should be supplied with cotton cake, which, 

 if eaten, will usually tend to materially increase the flow of milk. 

 As the lambs have not sutfieient milk to keep them alive, the 

 shepherd must oi necessity supply the deficiency. Many say 



