356 THE CEREAL AND OTHER CROPS OF SCOTLAND FOR 1881 



Uist, and Scourie in. the west, it was 2°'6, 2°'3, and 2°*2. The 

 excess in inland situations closely approximated to that of the 

 west adjoining. The rainfall, again, was unequally distributed. 

 Over the whole of the south draining into the Solway and Firth 

 of Clyde, tlie rainfall was double the average, and nearly an 

 equal excess occurred over a somev/hat broad track stretching 

 from Cantyre to Cupar. Along a broad track from the sea 

 inland, extending from ]),Iontrose northward to Orkney, the 

 rainfall was largely above the average ; also in the South 

 Hebrides, in Mull, and adjoining parts of the mainland. On 

 the other hand, a deficiency was felt in the Lews, West Eoss- 

 shire, Skye, a large part of Argyllshire, Forfarshire, East Perth- 

 shire, East Fife, Mid-Lothian, the greater part of Berwickshire, 

 and the upper parts of the Clyde and Tweed. 



June. — The temperature was 2°-2 below the average, the 

 deficiency of the days being 1°*7, whilst that of the nights was 

 2°"7. Clouds were above the average, and sunshine 17 per cent, 

 under the mean. This deficiency was pretty evenly distributed, 

 the maximum, however, being in midland districts north of the 

 Forth and Clyde. A marked feature of the meteorology of the 

 month was the high temperature of the first days, continued 

 from May, and the remarkable cold which prevailed from the 

 5th to the 11th, which inflicted serious injury on the green crops 

 in many parts of the country, particularly in the counties of 

 Perth and Inverness. The rainfall was greatly in excess along 

 the Solway, being double the average near the head of the Firth ; 

 fully a half above the average over the west from Galloway to 

 Ardnamurchan ; a third, northward from this point to Storno- 

 way ; and from a third to half in Orkney, Caithness, East Suther- 

 land, East Aberdeenshire, Fife, West Perthshire, Dumbartonshire, 

 paid Eenfrewshire. On the other hand, in Berwick, East and Mid- 

 Lothian, Upper Tweeddale, Forfarshire, North Perthshire, Inver- 

 ness, Moray, Nairnshire, and Eoss-shire, it was under the average, 

 the greatest deficiency being about a fourth under the average in 

 eastern districts south of the Firth of Forth. 



July. — The temperature was 1°"0 below the average, and all 

 but the whole of this defect arose from the reduced temperature 

 of the days. With this reduced temperature there occurred 

 unfortunately 10 per cent, more cloud than is usual in July, and 

 consequently fifty-five hours less sunshine, being 25 per cent. 

 less than the mean. This state of thinsrs resulted from an extra- 

 ordinary excess of south-west and west winds, which, for a quarter 

 of a century, has not been exceeded in any July. Consequently 

 the greatest depression of temperature was felt over the west and 

 districts open to the westerly winds, and the least in the eastern 

 districts. Indeed, in three separate districts, mean temperatures 

 were even slightly, about half a degree, above the mean, these 



