384 Cooke and Schively on Observations on the 



of the capsule, curious as this may seem. The more anterior 

 and somewhat right-hand of the two valves always con- 

 tains considerably more seed than does the posterior valve, 

 950 to 770 being a fairly average ratio. The style is divided 

 in two regions, corresponding to these two valves. The pos- 

 terior stylar half lies above, next the exterior of the corolla, 

 when it has curved over to reach the stamens. So the 

 anthers lie adjacent to the lower half of the style, and send 

 their pollen tubes in here. Naturally, therefore, more pollen 

 tubes pass down the anterior region of the style, and more 

 ovules are therefore fertilized in the anterior valve of the 

 capsule. 



Fertilization in the chasmogamic flowers is probably by 

 means of insects. The nectary and peculiar arrangements 

 of the numerous hairs seem to indicate this. Protogyny is 

 evidently the rule here. On a number of plants observed in 

 early September, the lower and older evident flowers showed 

 a brown, shrunken, dried-up pistil, while the anthers were 

 just about mature, some having dehisced, but not yet shed 

 their pollen. The upper and younger chasmogamic flowers 

 showed a mature pistil, with sticky stigma bearing numerous 

 attached pollen grains. The end of the style curves over and 

 downward so that insects must brush by it in going to the 

 nectary. In these flowers the anthers were decidedly imma- 

 ture in appearance. So protogyny is the existing condition. 



The Development of the Ovule. 



The following observations were made entirely from 

 cleistogamic flowers. 



In very young buds, the ovary is seen to be filled with 

 pale, faintly staining cells. Through these cells pass vertical 

 double rows of very deeply stained cells. These are the 

 earliest beginnings of the ovules. The cells are rectangular, 

 with dense cytoplasm and a very large nucleus. The nuclear 

 cavity is clear and almost unstained. In it are seen great 



