356 Cooke and Schively on Observations on the 



Below them are often several "intermediate" flowers, show- 

 ing some cleistogamic and some chasmogamic characteristics. 

 Along all the remaining length of stem and branches appear 

 the cleistogamic flowers. These are often borne far down 

 on the stem, and may even be underground, as several writers 

 have shown. Capsules are even matured on the tuber itself. 



Until some time late in October, the inflorescence in- 

 creases in height, or in number of axes or both. Up to the 

 middle of August no flowers with expanded corollas are in 

 bloom; after that time their production is quite constant, 

 and continues late into October. Many plants never bear 

 any chasmogamic flowers. In late summer and early fall, 

 every stage of flower and fruit may be found in the woods. 



Chasmogamic flowers rarely extend to the end of an 

 axis. From upwards of four hundred axes examined only 

 one instance of this was found. Beyond these, as has been 

 stated, occur cleistogamic flowers. 



There is apparently no rule which governs the produc- 

 tion of chasmogamic and cleistogamic flowers. It is not 

 a question of light, for in comparatively shady woods near 

 Crescentville, many chasmogamic flowers were counted. In 

 the sunny portions of Clifton woods, very luxuriant speci- 

 mens from ten inches to two feet in height were seen. 

 These likewise bore numerous chasmogamic flowers. In 

 Woodlands Cemetery, a chasmogamic flower was never 

 seen, nor were plants ordinarily more than six or seven 

 inches high. 



Observations concerning the relative number of chasmo- 

 gamic flowers and also their relative position on the inflores- 

 cence were made upon plants mainly in the neighborhood of 

 Clifton and Crescentville. In all instances, the lower third, 

 sometimes half of the axis, produced cleistogamic forms. 

 Above these, over an area that was extremely variable; 

 occurred the chasmogamic flowers ; the remaining portion 

 of the axis was occupied by what appeared to be cleisto- 

 gamic flowers ; but some of these may possibly have been 



