Small Fruits. 185 



in the row are only one year old. Cultivate well until the new 

 plants are ready to root, then allow them to fill the space between 

 the rows, not too thick, however. In the spring cut out the old 

 row if there are enough new plants for a crop, and use the place 

 occupied by it for the pickers to pass through while picking. 

 Should the row left to renew the bed, fail to furnish enough new 

 plants for a crop of fruit, save it with a strip of the new plants 

 on each side. Unless the soil is very fertile, fine manure, free 

 from grass seed, should be scattered on the bed freely after it has 

 been well cultivated the first time, or early in the fall. 

 !" ., To prepare the ground for black-raspberries, mark the rows 

 seven feet apart one way, with a small plow ; the other, three and a 

 half feet with a marker. Brush the dry dirt from the place 

 where the plant is to be .set, spread the roots, and cover three 

 inches deep with good, mellow soil, being careful not to break the 

 germ of the plant if started. Cultivate both ways the first year, 

 after that once or twice a year, the widest way only, and mulch 

 heavy in the row. The first year pinch off the tips of the new 

 canes when about one foot high, after the first year, when from 

 two to two and a half feet. In the fall or spring cut out old 

 canes and do not leave over four new cane3 in a hill ; cut the 

 branches back within twelve to eighteen inches of the main cane. 

 If a bed should get sodded over and partly run out, it can be re- 

 newed by allowing the grass to grow ten or fifteen inches high 

 in the spring, ^then apply a heavy mulch, enough to bend the 

 grass over. 



Eed raspberries should be set four by five feet apart. Furrow 

 one way, and set the plants four to five inches deep, and when the 

 new growth is in sight, cut away the old cane, if inclined to grow. 

 Cultivate shallow, and if roots are not needed to transplant, treat 

 suckers as weeds. If kept in hills, allow only four canes in a 

 hill ; if in hedges, only one or two in a place. The first year 

 pinch off the tips of the new canes when about one foot high ; 

 after the first year, from two to two and one-half feet. In the 

 fall or spring, cut out canes and the branches back within ten to 

 fifteen inches of the main cane; mulch second or third year with 

 mulching that is free from grass seed. Do not dig roots for trans 



