62 Mississippi Valley HovUculiiiral Society. 



so eiiormovis that when conditions happen especially to favor their increase, 

 they may suddenly swarm in countless myriads, and utterly destroy the 

 plants which they infest. 



In spring and early summer this species occurs on the under sides of the 

 leaves and on the stalks of the growing fruit, causing the leaves to wither, 

 and diminishing the size of the berry. In autumn the lice move to the 

 crown, where they may be found between the bases of the roots. In No- 



rig. 7. Egg of above. H. Garmau. 



vember, the wingless females here lay th^ir eggs, which survive the winter 

 to hatch in the spring. 



The winged form probably appears at irregular intervals throughout the 

 summer, as is usually the case with the plant-lice, and this is consequently 

 the time when the species spreads from field to field. The following de- 

 scriptions are from Buckton's "British Aphides," vol. I, page 125: — 



"Apterous vivipxrous female. — Size of body .09 x .04 inch, length of antennae 

 1 inch., of cornicles .025 inch. Whole bodj- shining green, except the corn- 

 icles, which are tipped with black, and straight. Eyes red. Antennae long 

 and dark olive. Legs pale, with dark femora and tibia joints. Tail yellow. 



"Papa. — Reddish green, with a smokj' line down the dorsum. Thorax and 

 ring cases gray. The last with blackish tips. 



"Winged viviparous female. — Expanse of wings .35 inch, size of body .09 x .04, 

 length of antennae .1 inch, of cornicles .025 inch. Head, thoracic lobes, an- 

 tennre, nectaries, tibiae, and femoral points black. All the rest of the body 

 green. Abdomen with four round black spots on each side of the carina, 

 and several obscure marks down the dorsum. Eyes red. Cubitus and wing 

 insertions bright yellow, other veins black. Stigma grayish. Tail yellow. 

 Wholly green on the imder side. Some specimens are of a redder shade 

 than the rest " 



At the time when this insect probably does its principal injuries, namely : 

 previous to the ripening of the fruit, the usual standard remedies for the in- 

 juries of plant-lice are impracticable, since the poisonous powders and fluids 

 which are used for the destruction of these insects would render the berries 

 inedible. The proper season to attack this pest by local applications is doubt- 

 less in autumn, when the lice are congregated upon the crown. At this 

 time, if desirable, they might easily be exterminated by the thorough appli- 

 cation of the kerosene emulsion to the plants. This would have the advantage 

 of destroying both the living insects and the eggs. It is at this time, also, 

 that the fields should be plowed up, if it j)i'oves to be necessary to resort to 



