Ilarhets and 3Iarketing. 173 



will only suggest that women are employed to good advantage, and some of 

 the most efficient and reliable help comes from this source. A daughter of a 

 representative in the State legislature is quite a proficient in the packing 

 of peaches and enjoys it. The wife and others of the family of a neighbor 

 take charge of the packing of entire and large crops of berries, peaches and 

 grapes, than which no others have been so uniformly successful. If Avithout 

 such help, educate for this purpose, and success wnll surely follow. 



What is the capacity of the quart box or measure named ? It is well to 

 know what we are talking about. There are two standard units of meas- 

 ures. The United States standard unit of liquid measure is the old English 

 wine gallon of two hundred and thirty-one cubic inches. The United States 

 standard unit of dry measure is the British Winchester bushel, which is 

 eighteen and one-half inches in diameter and eight inches deep and contains 



2,150.42 cubic inches. 



Gallon. Quart. Pint. 



AVine Measure 231 cu. in. 57f cu. in. 28| cu. in. 



Dry Measure 268* " " 67i " " SSf " " 



There is a little over five and one-fourth quarts in a gallon wine measure 

 than dry measure. A quart box, then, five inches square and two and one- 

 half inches deep, will hold sixty-two and one-half cubic inches level full; 

 when properly filled for shipment or retail, rounded up, will hold a fidl, 

 honest quart, standard measurement, while the measure used by too many, 

 called a quart inside of four and one-half inches Square and two and three- 

 fourths inches deep, contains only 55.G8 cubic inches, or when properly 

 rounded, may hold 57t cubic inches, or a Uquid quart only. 



To the shame of some it is the custom to improve (?) on even this measure 

 by so shortening the bottoms that it might be difficult for the uninitiated to 

 know which is the top and which is the bottom, as it has much the ajapear- 

 ance of all bottom. 



Sometimes the consumer, more inquisitive than wise, raises the question 

 of the amount of the contents of the inside quart, before alluded to; the 

 dealer has only to empty the berries into a tin or liquid quart measure, when 

 he triumphantly demonstrates before his customer how easy it is to sell him 

 five quarts less to the bushel, by his simple legerdemanic art of " heads I win 

 and tails you lose." 



It is the custom of some of the Northern shipp'ng points to send in stands, 

 containing two to four half-bushel drawers, and, when sent short distances, 

 find ready sale with the retailer, who, with deft hands, manipulates with a 

 light wooden paddle into the measure, be it liquid or dry ; if in the latter, 

 he counts on twenty quarts to each half-bushel drawer; if in the dry quart, 

 his bushel will make at least thirty-five quarts. In St. Louis, the market 

 regulations are such that the standard dry measure quart is only used for 

 berries and such ; yet, with the dexterity acquired by long practice, even 

 with the berries sent from the South in the standard quart, which they 

 empty in drawers for that purpose, they seldom make less than two quarts 

 from each twenty-four cjuart case. 



