128 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. 6 



diametro e basi ad apicem prope aequalibiis, 1-2 mm. latis (siccis) ; 

 axi distincto (sicco) ; cystocarpiis numerosis, dispersis, parvis, facile 

 visibilibus (siccis) ; — filo axiali robusto, filamentis numerosis, par- 

 allelis, latis firme conjuuctis composite ; epidermide cellulis irregu- 

 laribus decoloratis (utriculis) et cellulis gracilibus coloratis composito; 

 utriculis extus convexis et tumidis superficie (T) verisimiliter irregu- 

 laribus, disjunctis et obtuse polygoniis, humile vallatoideis, 20-26/a (R) 

 et 12-20/a (T) hypodermide 1-3 (?) (maxime 1) stratoso, laxo, cellulis 

 globosis pyriformibusve ; strato corticato lato, compacto; antheridiis 

 singulis aut in fasciculis (2-4 conjunctim) parvis, per epidermidem 

 dispersis; cystocarpiis inferne globosis aut globoso-pyriformibus supra 

 in carpostomio abrupte contractis, 165-185yu, (T) et 130-135/x (R, sine 

 tuba carpostomii), sed carpostomio 75-100/a longo; filamentis gonimo- 

 blasticis e placenta pauci cellulari radiantibus, mediis liberis, lateral- 

 ibus parietes cystocarpiorum vestientibus, sporas longe pyriformes 

 aliquantum aggregatas deinceps abscidentibus ; peridermio 4-5 

 stratoso, pseudoparencliymatico ; ad oras Calif orniae australis. 



Pseudoscinaia australis sp. nov. 



P. roseo-purpurea, 9-10 cm. alta, prope 10-plo dichotoma, gracilis, 



1 mm. diam. (sicca) ; axillis latis; axi obscuro sed frequenter visibili; 

 cystocarpiis dispersis, minutis, vix visibilibus; — filo axiali filamentis 

 latis gracilibusque prope paralellis intermixtis, laxis ; epidermide cellu- 

 lis decoloratis (utriculis) et cellulis coloratis frequentis gracilibus et 

 dispersis, composito; utriculis in sectione transversali oblongis aut 

 quadratis, 20-21/<, (T) et 13-21 (R), extus convexis tumidisque, super- 

 ficie (T) verisimiliter irregulariter et obtuse polygoniis; hypodermide 



2 stratoso, cellulis globosis, 4|U, diam. composito ; strato corticato tenui 

 et laxo; antheridiis dispersis, maxime solitariis; cystocarpiis globosis 

 aut complanato-globosis. abrupte in carpostomio graeili contractis. 

 150-175/A (T) et 130-150,u (R. sine collo carpostomii) ; filamentis 

 gonimoblasticis et liberis et parietes cystocarpiorum vestientibus, 

 sporas pyriformes varie aggregatas deinceps abscidentibus ; para- 

 physibus absentibus ; peridermio 5-6-stratoso, pseudoparenchymatico ; 

 ad oras Novae Hollandiae australis. 



VIII. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 



In considering the matter of the geographical distribution of any 

 group of plants, whether large or small, it is a matter of great con- 

 sequence to determine generic, specific, and even varietal or form 

 differences with as great exactitude as po.ssible. This is of especial 

 importance when the study of the distribution is to include some 

 attempt to explain the facts of distribution from any physical, physio- 

 logical, or evolutionary points of view. The older method has been 

 to lump together plants of similar morphological characteristics, no 



