342 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. [Proc. 3D Ser. 



the Alps, and few with those in India, although it would be 

 expected that the Indian province had been the connection 

 between the American and the Mediterranean regions. It 

 seems probable, however, that a complete study of the 

 Spiti section will reveal the presence of a number of species 

 identical with those of America, for Dr. A. von Krafft (15) 

 has published a preliminary list of the fossils of the Daonella 

 beds, showing the presence of many that are at least nearly 

 akin to forms in California. 



A most remarkable fact is the occurrence of the Sub- 

 bullatus fauna in the Alps, Himalayas, and California, with 

 nearly related species, in the Karnic stage. This fauna 

 appears unheralded by local ancestors, as immigrants from 

 some outside region which at present is unknown. The 

 Trachycerata of this fauna seem to have been endemic in 

 the Mediterranean region, but the Tropitidas are not known 

 in the Muschelkalk anywhere. The two groups did not 

 therefore come from the same region, nor are their relative 

 ages constant over the world. In the Alps the Tropitidae 

 did not arrive on the scene before the Trachycerata had 

 disappeared; in the Himalayas one species of Trachyceras 

 has been found in the Trofites beds ; while in California 

 both Trachycerata and Tropitidce are abundant in the same 

 beds and even in the same hand specimens. It is therefore 

 quite likely that this fauna appeared somewhat earlier in 

 California, and that there the Tro^ites siibbttllatus beds are 

 the chronologic equivalents of the Trachyceras aonoides 

 zone of the Alps, while they are paleontologically homo- 

 taxial with the upper Karnic zone. 



The Bajuvaric Series. The upper Hallstatt beds are 

 the type of the Bajuvaric series; in them is found a rich 

 assemblage of cephalopods described by Mojsisovics as 

 the Juvavic fauna, but this name has been replaced by 

 the term Noric, which had been previously used for 

 the upper Dachstein strata at a time when they were 

 supposed to lie below the Tropites subbullatus beds. A 

 similar group of species, and in the same position, is 

 known in the Himalayas above the Tropites beds of 



