76 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. [Proc. 3D Ser. 



ridge of 1,350 feet, to the moderate ridge of Tomales Point 

 (700 feet) and Bodega Head (241 feet). 



Broad in from Bodega Bay, in latitude 38° 18', with two 

 esteros penetrating the tableland of 600 feet in height and 

 the Russian River emptying into the ocean in latitude 38° 

 26', there is a general break-down of the immediate Coast 

 Range; but there are no seaward indications whatever of 

 submerged valleys. 



Northward of Bodega Head the coast mountains continue 

 to the northwest in three or four parallel ranges or ridges, 

 with a narrow plateau or terrace bordering the coast to and 

 a little beyond Point Arena, in latitude 38° 57'. Thence to 

 Cape Mendocino, in latitude 40° 26', the coast mountains 

 begin to rise abruptly from the ocean to 4,265 feet eleva- 

 tion, with no cross-cutting streams of importance, but with 

 several moderately large streams running northwestward, 

 parallel with the coast. There is one slight plateau pro- 

 jecting from the mountain flank at Point Delgada, in latitude 

 40° 01'. It is near the northwestern termination of this 

 hundred miles of the Coast Ranges, where are clustered four 

 very marked and deep submerged valleys. 



3. Cape Mendocino to the Columbia River. 



Northward of Cape Mendocino the Coast Ranges fall 

 inland ; they are not so high and compact as that to the south- 

 ward, and are cut b}'- many small streams fed by the heavy 

 rains of the winter seasons. To the northward several large 

 streams empty, and ba3^s open upon the ocean, and miles of 

 white sand dunes border the shore; but no indication of a 

 submerged valley appears across the 100 fathom plateau; 

 not even at the break-down of the rang-e at and north of 

 Crescent City Bay or off the Klamath River. These inter- 

 rupted ranges towards the Columbia River reach 3,868 

 feet elevation at Mary's Peak, in latitude 44° 29'. 



There is a general break-down of the ranges at the Colum- 

 bia River, which discharges through a relatively low country. 

 This great river does not come through a broad valley west 



