Geol.— Vol. I.] DAVIDSON— SUBMERGED VALLEYS. 



91 



Twin Peaks. East of the inner range is the valley of the 

 Salinas River. Off the base of this range the lOO-fathom 

 curve lies but one to three miles out, and the descent thence 

 to 1,000 fathoms is sharp, while 2,000 fathoms is reached at 

 50 miles. 



There are two shght indications of submerged valleys 

 in the face of this barrier: One is faintly indicated six 

 miles NW. of Cape San Martin, in latitude 35° 57', heading 

 directly into the cove under the Twin Peaks, where the 

 200-fathom curve reaches across the normal loo-fathom 

 line. The second, recently developed, is more marked. 

 It runs sharply through the loo-fathom curve, and the 

 25-fathom curve reaches almost to the cliffs in latitude 36° 

 12', where the crest-hne of the Sierra reaches 2,900 feet 

 elevation only i^ miles from the shore. 



There is no particularly marked Canada near its head. 

 The valley opens to the SE., parallel with the cliff-line for 

 nearly a mile, and then bends to the S. SE. to the 200- 

 fathom curve in less than a mile, and only i^^^ miles from 

 the shore. The 200-fathom line is just inside the normal 

 lOO-fathom line. Near the head 94 fathoms are found 

 one third of a mile off the cliffs. 



15. The Carmel Submerged Valley. 



Near the northern extremity of the Santa Lucia range, 

 and six miles south of Point Pinos, the mountains break 

 down suddenly, and the Carmel River empties into the small 

 cove called Carmel Bay. It is an indentation i^^ miles 

 deep toward the east, with a breadth of three miles NW. 

 and SE. 



The submarine valley comes from the profound depth of 

 540 fathoms, only three miles SW. of Point Cypress, and 

 heads to the SE., running four miles to within a mile of the 

 shore. At 300 fathoms depth another arm heads nearly 

 east for three miles into the southeast angle of Carmel Cove, 

 where the 25-fathom curve is close to the shore, at the 

 opening of a deep, narrow canon from the mountains, which 



