STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 75 



Mr, True: When do you apply those two sprays? 



Mr, Mitchell : The first dust I put on when the petals have 

 fallen from the blossom, that is, the first codling moth dust, 

 and if I am not in much danger of an infection from scab I 

 use fifty per cent sulphur, forty per cent lime and ten per cent 

 arsenate of lead. In a section such as Maine or Western New 

 York I think it would be safer to put your sulphur up to 

 seventy or possibly eighty pounds, your arsenate of lead ten or 

 possibly fifteen and your lime only five pounds. But the appli- 

 cations that I have made have been for the first brood of codling 

 moths when the petals fall ; the second brood, about three weeks 

 later, depending on the time they hatch. If you do not apply 

 the dormant spray late to prevent scab, you should make an 

 application of sulphur for it, and possibly put in arsenate of 

 lead for bud-moth and other things, if you have them. It is 

 up to the grower to determine what you have to fight. 



Mr, Brown : I would like to ask you, Mr. Mitchell, how 

 you regulate the speed of the apples running into the grader? 



Mr. Mitchell: I have a big sorting table that holds ten 

 bushels, the apples are put on the table and run down in front 

 of the packers, and the packers stand and throw out into 

 barrels anything that is not a perfect apple, and they feed it 

 upon the machine from tables that run from either side of the 

 machine. Sort them and put them on the machine, throwing 

 the ungraded outside. You can feed this machine very fast — 

 about three hundred barrels a day. The arrangement of the 

 tables is a matter of detail. The construction of the sizer is 

 the main part. 



Question: When you added the gypsum to the sulphur 

 and the arsenate of lead, had it any chemical value? 



Mr. Mitchell: No, the gypsum and the lime are inert. 

 They have no chemical effect upon the other ingredients of 

 the dust. The reason they are added is this: Sulphur is very 

 heavy, the arsenate of lead is rather heavy, and if you take a 

 dust made of eighty or eighty-five pounds of sulphur and fif- 

 teen pounds arsenate of lead, it goes very fast. You make a 

 heavier application than I think is necessary, and take sulphur 

 costing $2.75 a thousand and arsenate of lead $22 a hundred, 

 and lime only costing about $15 a ton, you get to economizing. 

 Your lime dilutes your dust mixture as water dilutes your 



