128 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



during hot weather, prefers medium sized cheese ; but for shipping 

 to Europe, there seems to be a growing demand for cheese of larger 

 size. 



During the season of 1862, cheese weighing from one hundred 

 and twenty to one hundred'and fifty pounds were in favor for the 

 foreign trade ; and this size is, perhaps, all things considered, most 

 convenient for factory make. They are easily handled, and in case 

 of accident either at the factory or in carrying to market, the loss 

 is not so great as on the larger cheese. 



The factory charge for manuflicturing cheese is one cent per 

 pound ; rennet, salt, bandage, annatto and boxes, as well as the 

 carting of cheese to market, being charged to the association and 

 paid by each dairyman in proportion to the quantity of milk fur- 

 nished during the season. All other expenses, including the care 

 of the cheese while curing, &c., is paid by the manufacturer. 



To run a factory using the milk of six hundred cows will give 

 constant employment to at least four persons, half or more of whom 

 may be females. 



At one of the factories near Rome, New York, in 1862, the 

 price paid for the services of a man and woman, who were the fore- 

 men of the establishment, was one dollar each per day and board ; 

 others received from two dollars to four dollars per week ; and I 

 was informed that the actual cost of manufacturing the milk of six 

 hundred cows for the season, was seven hundred dollars. It is 

 presumed" this sum did not cover interest on capital invested for 

 buildings and fixtures, but was the amount paid out fur labor, 

 board, fuel, &c. 



From these data it will be easily estimated what amount of 

 money can be realized from the business of manufacturing. Allow- 

 ing that the 600 cows produced on an average 400 pounds of cheese 

 each, there will be in the aggregate 240,000 pounds. The cost of 

 a well constructed factory will not be far from $3,000. 



We have, then, 240,000 pounds at one cent, $2,400 



Cost of running factory, $100 



Interest on buildings, &c., 180 



Annual wear and tear, or depreciation of property, 200 



, 1,080 



Profits, $1,320 



