118 



SPEECH OF nON. JUSTIN S. MORRILL. 



This State has nearly two million acres, or one-seventh part more 

 land under cultivation than there was ten years ago, and yet the 

 hay crop was less by 164,011 tons. The following table illustrates 

 the position of New York : 



1850. 

 Horses, .... 447,014 



Milch cows. 

 Oxen, . 



Other cattle, . 

 "Wool, (pounds) 

 "Wheat, (bushels) 

 Sheep, 

 Hay, (tons) 

 Swine, 



931,324 



178,909 



167,406 



10,071,301 



13,121,448 



3,453,241 



3,728,797 



1,018,252 



1860. 



303,725 

 1,123,634 



121,702 



727,837 

 9,454,473 

 8,681,100 

 2,617,855 

 3,564,786 



910,178 



This is anything but complimentary to our system of agriculture 

 and yet few of the old States are doing as well as New York. 



In seventeen of the States — nearly all the old — there has been a 

 loss in the number of sheep, and the number in 1860 is 22,679,386, 

 against 21,723,220 in 1850, or a gain only of 956,166 in ten years ! 

 But for the new States the loss would nave been large, and the 

 gain in the State of California (1,059,134) is more than equal to 

 that of the whole Union. 



Pennsylvania, with 46,000 square miles of territory, and 2,906,- 

 115 people, should raise as many sheep as England, with about 

 51,000 square miles of territory, and 17,000,000 people, and yet 

 England has 30,000,000 sheep, and Pennsylvania but 1,631,540, 

 which gives to England nearly two sheep for every inhabitant, and 

 590 for every square mile, while Pennsylvania has little more than 

 one to every two inhabitants, and only 35 to the square mile. 

 With our unlimited cheap lands, we should export millions of 

 wool, but England, in fact, has the past year, supplied us with 

 millions both of the raw and manufactured. 



Flax and hemp, as crops, have nearly been blotted out of the 

 Union, though considerable flax seed is still raised to be crushed 

 for the oil, while the fibre, the most valuable part, is thrown away. 

 Home manufactures, in 1850, amounted to $27,486,219, but in 

 1860 they declined to $24,326,744 ; so that women, in this branch 

 of industry, so intimately related to agriculture, notwithstanding 

 the 4,000,000 more of women are really toiling and spinning less 

 than ten years ago, and but little more than they appear to have 



