140 CHEMICO-AGRICITLTURAL TOUR. 



atre, so constructed that the horse or other animal may be easily 

 brought into it alive ; and there are arrangements there by which it 

 can be firmly secured, in order to illnsti'ate its different points, or be 

 operated on, before the class. The institution likewise possesses 

 a large smith's forge, where the pupils are obliged to practice the 

 shoeing of horses and oxen ; and finally there is a small botanic 

 garden, where different medicinal plants used in the treatment of 

 animals are grown for illustration. 



The staff of teachers connected with the college are, the director, 

 four professors of different branches of science connected with the 

 veterinary art, two assistants, and one smith. The instruction 

 extends over a period of two years, and appears to be very com- 

 plete, embracing all the departments of veterinary science. 



Before leaving Munich, I visited also the Physiological Institute, 

 which is an institution devoted to the advancement of physiological 

 science in its different departments, and is, I believe, one of the larg- 

 est and most complete schools of the kind in Europe ; and has some 

 very distinguished men attached to it, amongst whom are Professors 

 Bischoff", Pettenkofer, and Fehling, whose labors have done much 

 already to advance physiological science. It is a well-constructed 

 building, having a fine anatomical theatre, and a series of experi- 

 mental rooms and apartments belonging to each of its professors. 

 Amongst other objects of interest that I saw thei-e, was a new ap- 

 paratus which had been recently devised by Professor Pettenkofer, 

 in order to determine more accurately the changes which food un- 

 derwent during the process of digestion in man and other animals, 

 by collecting carefully the entire products of respiration, and the 

 excretions eliminated in a given time, the individual or animal being 

 fed on a certain quantity of food, the composition of which has 

 been accurately determined beforehand. The apparatus consisted 

 of a large chamber, which was rnade by riveting together sheets of 

 iron air-tight, as is done in the construction of boilers. This 

 chamber was large enough to contain comfortably one individual, 

 together with a bed ; and, by an ingenious contrivance, an arrange- 

 ment was made, by which food could be supplied, from time to 

 time, without the admission of air, except a small quantity whose 

 amount was known. The subject under experiment being placed 

 in this apartment, its door was closed air-tight, and a current of 

 atmospheric air was drawn through it at a certain rate by means 

 of a steam-engine, and afterwards made to traverse a series of tubes 



