INSTITUTE PAPERS. 



THE develop:\iext of the dairy breeds and 



THE DAIRY TYPE. 

 By Prof. C. S. Phelps, Chapinville, Conn. 



(Stenographic Copy.) 



Practically all of the dairy breeds have sprung from the older 

 countries, especially from England. \\'e should give England 

 great credit for what she has done for agriculture, in the develop- 

 ment of our modern breeds of live stock. If we consider a 

 moment we will see that four, at least, of our dairy breeds have 

 their home in the British Islands, namely, the Ayrshire, the 

 Guernsey, the Jersey and the Shorthorn breeds, and if we go 

 into the beef breeds we must include the Devons, the Herefords, 

 and a number of the polled breeds from the northern part of the 

 Islands. Several of our finest breeds of horses were established 

 in England, as well as several of the leading breeds of swine and 

 poultry. As a new country, we naturally looked to the mother 

 country to aid us in establishing the foundations of the best 

 breeds of live stock, and especially of dairy stock. 



In looking back over the history of dairying and of dairy 

 breeds in our own country, we find that sixty years ago there 

 was no fixed dairy breed or type in the cows of that time. The 

 Jerseys were perhaps the first breed to be introduced, having any 

 important place in the improvement of the dairy industry of this 

 country, and the first of the Jerseys were brought to Connecti- 

 cut in 1850 or '51. In 1893, the time of the Columbian Exposi- 

 tion, it was said that more good Jerseys traced their ancestry 

 back to Connecticut than to any other part of this country. That 

 remark was made by a man who was much interested in looking 

 up Jerseys for the famous dairy breed test. The Shorthorns 



