52 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



their bodies apparently all askew from their eyes, the eyes being 

 both on one side of their heads, and their mouths distorted, and 

 no air bladder, as the halibuts and flounders or flat-fish. These 

 have been gathered into a sub-order and called Helerosomata (from 

 heteros, another, and soma, body.) The side on which the eyes 

 are situated is dark, or variously colored, while the eyeless side is 

 almost always white ; the scales are either ctenoid or cycloid. 

 The dorsal and anal fins are very long and composed mostly of 

 articulated rays. 



Sub-Order Physostomi, llaller. 

 Proceeding in our examination of the Teleocephalic order, we 

 find many that have an air bladder that communicates by means of 

 a duct or passage with the mouth or intestinal canal. These are 

 put into another order called Physoslomi (from phusa, bladder, and 

 stoma, mouth.) The scales are generally cycloid, there being but 

 one or two exceptions. The fins are mostly sustained by branched 

 rays, only the first rays being sometimes simple. The ventrals 

 are always abdominal. The lower pharyngeal bones are separate 

 and almost always small and triangular, with the teeth on a plain 

 surface. The salmons and herrings are embraced in this order, 



Sub-Order Eventognathi, Gill, 



Continuing our investigation, we find fishes whose air bladders 

 are divided by constriction into two or three portions, and com- 

 municate by a duct with the throat. With few exceptions they 

 are covered with cycloid scales. All the rays of the fins except 

 the first of each, are branched ; the ventrals always abdominal. 

 The lower pharyngeal bones are more or less falciform (sickle 

 shaped,) greatly developed, nearly parallel with the branchial 

 arches as provided on the internal surface of the curved portion, 

 with large teeth of various forms. 



In allusion to the developement of the pharyngeal jaws, the 

 Prof, has named this order EvenfognalM. This concludes the divis- 

 ion of the first order Teleocephali into sub-orders. We will now 

 consider the details of another order. 



m 



Order Apodes, Kaup. 

 We find in our researches, many fishes that have a snakelike 

 form of body, — skin generally naked or rarely covered with 



