SCIENTIFIC SURVEY. • ^93 



miner, its minute larva making galleries in the leaves of the apple 

 tree, and wild cherry. Galeruca vittata, the squash beetle, is yel- 

 low with black stripes. The different species of Haltica or flea 

 beetles, are little, black colored, most hurtful insects, which destroy 

 young tomatoes, turnips, &c. Several species of Calligrapha are 

 found on alders, they are oval and richly ornamented with dots 

 and curved lines. 



Ghlamys, which is an oblong square beetle, htis its convex sur- 

 face most curiously corrugated ; as a larva it lives in a cylindrical 

 case on the sweet fern. 



Coccinellidae (Lady bugs.) They are hemispherical, generally 

 red or yellow, with round or lunate black spots. Chilocorus is 

 black with yellow dots. The eggs are laid, often, in a group of 

 plant lice, or Aphides ; as soon as hatched the larvae devour them. 

 When about to turn to pupae, they attach themselves by _ 

 their terminal rings to the leaf they are upon. The beetle 

 is as voracious as the larva. In Europe gardeners take 

 pains to collect and put them on trees infested, by lice, 

 which they will soon remove.' Coccinella novemnotata, (Fig. 24,) 

 is a common species in gardens. 



Orthoptera. 



In studying these insects, the proportion of the head, of the pro- 

 thorax, of the wings, of the hind legs, and the external genital 

 parts, should especially be taken into account. The ornamenta- 

 tion varies greatly even in the same species, and therefore large 

 numbers of individuals are necessary to ensure a proper knowl- 

 edge of any species. 



The transformation of grasshoppers need careful study. For 

 this purpose their eggs should be sought for, and the development 

 of the embryo in the egg be noted ; also the following facts should 

 be ascertained : the date of deposition of the eggs ; the manner of 

 laying them ; how long before the embryo is hatched ; the date of 

 hatching ; how many days the pupa lives ; also so of the pupa 

 and of the imago, while the intervening changes should be care- 

 fully observed. Crows and blackbirds feed on their eggs and 

 larvae, and hens and turkeys feed greedily upon young and old. 

 Ichneumon parasites prey upon them, and also the lower worms, 

 such as Filaria, Gregarina and Gordius and red mites, attack them.^ 

 Mud wasps provision their nests with their young. 



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