238 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



by us to be imbedded in gneiss. Bui it seems to dip north-west- 

 erly, averaging V5°, and hence under the schists, just as if it be- 

 longed to the Taconic series. It is also of great longitudinal 

 extent. The gneiss, d, dips south-easterly at first 80° and then 60°. 

 Passing to the top of the hill or Muddy mountain, in Hope, we 

 find granite, c, at its summit. The gneiss appears again in Hope. 

 East of the Corners appears another bed of Azoic limestone, c, dip- 

 ping N. 10° W., so that we have a synclinal axis. We have not 

 seen the westerly outcrop of* this limestone, as represented in the 

 Figure, but cannot doubt its existence, though it may be concealed 

 by drift deposits. East of the limestone more gneiss and granite, 

 e, appear, apparently the same layers repeated that were just 

 passed over. They continue into Camden, until we come to the 

 Taconic rocks again, a, which appear to be disposed in an anti- 

 clinal form. These Taconic rocks here often perplexed us by their 

 similarity to the older schists. 



Under Economical Geology we will describe a valuable vein of 

 iron ore in the gneiss in the north part of Union. 



3. Saccharoid Azoic Limestone. 



We draw a distinction this year, which was barely hinted at last 

 year, between the Saccharoid Azoic Limestones and the Taconic 

 Limestones. As far as lithological appearances go, it woujd be 

 impossible often to distinguish between the two, but when the 

 question of geological age is taken into consideration, the distinc- 

 tion becomes plain. In the first group we include all the beds of 

 limestone which occur in the older gneiss and mica schist. The 

 Taconic (Eolian) Limestones are connected with quartz rock and 

 argillo-micaceous schists, and are generally of greater width and 

 length. 



The Azoic Limestones are found in Warren, Union, Hope, Cam- 

 den and Lincolnville. We shall describe only those of whicli we 

 have positive knowledge. The beds in many of these towns are 

 80 large, and the stone so firm, that blocks of marble have frequent- 

 ly been taken from them. Some of them are now being quarried 

 for the kiln, but at others these operations have ceased to be car- 

 ried on profitably. Wc had time to examine only two beds of 

 limestone in Warren, although others more valuable exist in the 

 town. One is about a mile north-east from the village, and the 

 rock is inclined 55° S. 10° E. It is white, of good quality, of 



