SCIENTIFIC SURVEY. m 



Sub-class Teleostei. ^ Salmonoid.^ 



trals arise vertically beneath the sixth ray of the dorsal, are orange 

 in color, and margined anteriorly with white. Their outer cir- 

 cumference is slightly oval. The anal is not so high as the dorsal 

 by one-quarter, whilst in the Siacowet it is of equal height ; 

 terminal line obtuse and parallel with the axis of the dorsal. These 

 fins are of an orange hue and tipped with white or light gray. 

 The dorsal arises in the middle of the back, is of a dark gray 

 color and spotted iu the form of transverse bands — terminal line 

 obtuse. Caudal long and much furcated, much more so than with 

 the Siacowet, nor does age change much the acuteness of its ter- 

 minal line. 



The branchiostegal rays are 12 in number, and are of a pure 

 white except the last, which is irregularly spotted with gray. Eye 

 large and circular, with irides of a golden yellow, and pupil angu- 

 lated towards the snout, which is obtuse. The upper maxillaries 

 are longest, and at their union show in both sexes a singular 

 depression, into which is received the curve of the lower maxil- 

 laries. 



The maxillaries, intermaxillaries and palatines, have each a row 

 of conical and inflected teeth. Those upon the lower maxillaries 

 are large and strong ; those of the intermaxillaries are next in size ; 

 upon maxillary and palatines next, and those upon the vomer 

 smallest, liumbering only three or four, and not confined to the 

 anterior extremity, but extending a good way backwards. The 

 tongue is deeply grooved and furnished with inflected teeth, arran- 

 ged in lateral rows. 



The opercular apparatus is somewhat concealed by the thick skin 

 which envelopes it, but the outer lines of the operculum are quite 

 distinctly marked. The operculum is quadrilateral, of greater 

 height than breadth, well rounded in its posterior free margin, 

 denticulated in its lower and nearly square in its upper, the anterior 

 angle of which is characterized by a strong and prominent process. 

 Suboperculum is nearly one-third smaller than the operculum, is 

 triangular in its upper portions, elliptical in its lower borders, and 

 terminates at its articulation in the form of a fish hook. The inter- 

 operculum has, as usual, the form of a long square, but square on 

 the posterior side, and furming an acute angle, with its lower 

 margin ; slightly rounded on the anterior side. Finally, the pre- 

 operculum is long, slender, crescentic and almost vertical in its 



