SaENTIFIC SURVEY. " j^g 



They should be pinned through the hard thorax, high up on the 

 pin, and numbers should be preserved in alcohol. 



Their habits should be studied long and patiently, and attention 

 be given to rear in the same way as given for Lepidoptera,' the 

 saw-flies, the gall-flies, &c. The Eurytomae can be found in wheat 

 fields, &c., after harvest ; the galls in autumn. 



Apidae, (honey bees, bumble bees, &c.) They are known from 

 other families by their bodies being densely hirsute, the mouth 

 parts lengthened and partially united to form a kind of proboscis 

 that can be folded up out of sight under the head ; and in their 

 broad, flattened hirsute hirtd legs, adapted for collecting and carry- 

 ing pollen. They are social, and the species often consists of males, 

 or drones ; females, or queens ; and imperfect females, or workers, 

 improperly called neuters, which are much smaller than the others. 

 Apis mellifica is the honey bee, whose complex oeconomy and hives 

 are well known. Siebold, a German physiologist, has ascertained 

 that the queen and neuters are hatched from fertilized eggs, while 

 the drones come from eggs that are unfertilized. There is one 

 queen to a colony or swarm. The workers sometimes lay eggs 

 producing males, and there is a difference between them in other 

 respects. The humble bees (Bombus) contain many species, which 

 build hemispherical nests of moss under ground in pastures. The 

 cells are large, oval and partially separate. There are from fifty to 

 seventy in a swarm. The nests are built by the females, of which 

 there are several in the spring which survive the winter; they then 

 lay their eggs, which hatch out the workers late in the summer ; 

 soon after another brood of males and females alone, and in the fall, 

 still later, a few more of both sexes appear. There are two kinds 

 of females ; the earlier born differing in size and producing male 

 eggs only ; so also there are two kinds of workers. The remaining • 

 species are solitary, and consist of males and females only. 



Xylocopa, the Carpenter-bee, has black wings ; it forms a tube 

 a foot long, in which it lays its eggs, arranged in successive layers 

 in masses of pollen. 



MegacMle, the Leaf-cutter, cuts circular pieces out of leaves, with 

 which it makes a honey-tight cartridge-like cell, which it builds in 

 holes excavated in trees and rotten wood. 



Osmia, the Mason-bee, is blucish, and has a circular abdomen. 

 It constructs its nest of sand, large enough to hold three to eight 

 cells, in crevices in fences. Other species burrow in the sunny 



