SCIENTIFIC SURVEY. ggg 



north-east and south-west, the dip being 90°, or perpendicular. 

 At the second falls the dip is Y5° north-west. Half way up from 

 Chamberlain lake, we came to the Grand falls, where the water 

 descends twenty feet over a ledge having a dip of 80° north 30° 

 west, the strike of course being at right angles, or south 30° east. 

 To the east of the falls the drift has been washed away, exposing 

 a surface beautifully levelled and striated, the scratches having a 

 direction of north 50° west. In addition to what nature has done 

 toward furnishing a reservoir for the reception of logs, the enter- 

 prising lumbermen of this vicinity have increased the height of the 

 falls, so as to make quite a large sheet of water above them. 



The rock here is a more indurated and less perfectly cleavable 

 variety than what we had already met with. One mile above the 

 ftills the strata are very distinct, with a dip of 30° north 10° west. 

 This rock has a large per cent, of calcareous matter in it. The last 

 of these ledges before reaching Alleguash lake has a dip of 80° 

 north 25° west. All the exposed portions of the underlying for- 

 mations on this river lie within and occupy nearly the whole dis- 

 tance between the south and west lines of township No. 8, R. 13. 

 The river runs this distance directly across the strike of the strata, 

 hence the origin of the falls and rapids. 



Entering upon Alleguash lake we soon discovered that the 

 whole of the eastern and southern shore was girdled b}^ the out- 

 cropping strata — a light-colored, very micaceous variety of clay 

 slate, exhibiting in some parts a calcareous character ; yet hardly 

 sufficient to come under the head of calcareous slates. Almost 

 the first thing that strikes one as peculiar, is the perfect distinct- 

 ness of both stratification and cleavage, so much so that no one 

 could mistake one for the other. Just south of the outlet the dip 

 is 85° north-west. A little further on, and forming the southern 

 shore of this cove, is perhaps the finest exhibition of the smooth- 

 ing striating effect of the drift movement easily to be found. It 

 consists of a surface shelving down under the water at an angle of 

 12°, 500 feet long and over 50 feet wide, as smooth and regular as 

 a floor, and covered with fine scratches running north 50° west. 



Farther south, and near the centre of the eastern shore, there 

 an anticlinal axis, having less than one rod of the summit taken 

 away, the strata on the one side dipping 12° north 25° west, and 

 on the other 12° south 25° east. The second island is composed 

 of clay slate, dipping south 30° east, and forming with the third 



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