SCIENTIFIC SURVEY. 



145 



Fig. 4. 



chewing the food. Two large eyes 

 (a) composed of numerous facets, 

 and three small simple eyelets (c) ar- 

 langed in a triangle on the top of the 

 'jad, and the antennae or feelers, (d) 

 composed of numerous joints, are the 

 most important sensory organs. — A 

 pair of mandibles (/) for grasping, 

 often toothed for tearing the food; 

 two maxillae (i) for collecting and 

 manipulating the food, on the base of 

 which is a pair of palpi, (h) or touch- 

 ers,, which are used in conjunction 

 with the antenna, as feelers ; together 

 with another pair articulated on to the 

 labium (Z) or so-called under lip, cor 

 responding to the labrum or upper lip, 

 wliich is attached to the clypeas {b); 

 and the labium which is prolonged into the lingua (k) or tongue 

 having a pair of rude palpi-like organs called the paraglossce (m), 

 form the organs for seizing and chewing the food. 



Of the three rings of the tliorax, the first {prothorax) is special- 

 ized to support the head ; the second (meso-thorax) carries the 

 first pair of wiugs (primaries;) the third (meta-thorax) carries the 

 second pair (secondaries ) To each of these three rings is articu- 

 lated a pair of five-jointed legs, of which the last joint or tarsus 

 is divided into five smaller joints, the last terminating in two 

 claws. The abdomen contains the viscera, and the organs of repro- 

 duction, surrounded, externally, by several pairs of sheath-like 

 pieces in the male, which are in the female united into the oviposi- 

 tor and its sheath-pieces. All these parts exist in a rudimentary 

 state in the larva and pupa. 



Hymenoptera, (Bees, wasps, &c.) are known by their hard com- 

 pact bodies, distinct head and thorax, the small narrow wings 

 irregularly veined, and by the possession of a hard ovipositor, often 

 forming a poisonous sting. Their transformations are the most 

 complete of all insects. The larva being most generally a white 

 footless, helpless grub, partly curved, and rapidly tapering at each 

 end. The p^upa has the limbs free, contained in a thin silken 

 cocoon. The species are all terrestrial. 

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