-2 36 



O. Nordeaa d. 



on the contrary with regard to the warm bottom water, which 

 is almost independent of continental factors, and which, therefore, 

 can retain its properties almost unchanged during its course in the 

 Bords. 



And the observations made have shown that the temperature 

 and salinity of the bottom water in the Vest Fiord differs only 

 very slightly from that of the fiords on the west coast of Norway. 1 ) 

 The similarity in fauna which the zoological examinations have 

 brought to light are thus quite natural. As the Vest Fiord is the 

 last of the large fiords which has bottom water with a temperature 

 of C — 7" ('. and a salinity of about 35 pro mille, it is also natural 

 that it forms the northern limit for many boreal and lusitanic forms. 

 .Many southern forms are also found in Malangen, but the arctic 

 species are doubtless in the majority there, and this is still more 

 certainly the case in the Bals Fiord, the Ulfs Fiord, Lyngen and 

 Kvaenangen. As Malangen, hydrographically speaking, takes the 

 position of a kind of transition fiord. I will mention some of the 

 animal forms we dredged there. 



Polyehceta: - Harmothoe rarispina, II. nodosa, H. asperrima, 

 Lepidonotus amondseni, Laetmonice filicomis, Leanira tetragona, 

 Nephtys incisa, A', ciliata, Leodica norvegica, Brada granulosa, 

 B. granulata, Euphrosyne borealis, Nicomache lumbriealis, Pecti- 

 naria koreni, Terebettides strd'mi, Sabella pavonia. 



Of Bryonia, there are two very characteristic boreal species 

 which have their northern limit in Malangen, namely, KinetosMas 

 smitti and Domopora stellata. 



Amphipoda ;-| — Hyale nilsoni, Socarnes vahli, Hippomedon 

 propinqvus, Orchomenella rninuta, 0. penguis, Tryphosa hbringi, 

 A nun i/. i nugax, Lepidepecreum umbo, Eeptophoxus falcatus, Har- 

 pinia neglecta, II. serrata, Ampelisca macrocephala, A. eschrichti, 

 A. aequicornis, A. amblyops, Byblis guimardi, Haploops tubicola, 

 Stegocephalus inflatus, S. similis, Andania abyssi, Amphilocus tenui- 

 manus, Stenothoe brevicornis, Metopa borealis, M. bruzeli, Leuco- 

 thoe spinicarpa, Paroediceros Igneous, P. propinqvus, Monoeulodes 

 borealis, M. tessellatus, M. latimanus, M. longirostris, M. packardi, 

 Halimedon megahps, H. brevicalcar, Bathymedon obtusifrons, Aceros 

 phyllonyx, Pleustes panoplus, Paramphitoe assimilis, Ephimeria tu- 

 berculata, E. loricata, Acanthonotosoma serratum, Iphimedia obesa, 

 Syrrhoe crenulata, Tiron acanthurus, Ensirus minuhis, Ehacotropis 

 hclleri, Halirages fulvocinctus, Apherusa bispinosa, A. tridentata, 

 Calliopius laeviusculus, Dexamine spinosa, />. then. Melphidipha bo- 

 realis, Gammarus loeusta, Alelita dentata, Lilljeborgia pallida, L. 

 fissieornis, Protomedeia faseiata, Oammaropsis melanops, Amphitoe 

 rubricata, Ischyrocerus angvipes, Corophium erassicorne, Unciola 

 planipes, Dulichia sp., Phtisiea marina, JEginella spinosa, Caprella 

 Unearis. 



Sparre Schneider had no opportunity to examine the great- 

 est depth of Malangen. so our dredgings form a suitable supplement 

 to Schneider's investigations. We brought to light 18 species of 

 amphipods, which were new to the Malangen fauna, and most of 

 these were from the great depth where, as above mentioned, 

 Schneider did not make any dredgings. There are several bo- 

 real forms among the amphipods mentioned, but the arctic ones are 

 however, in a small majority. Epimeria tuberculata, which is a 



*) Cf. NORDGAARD, Stndier over natnrforholdene i vestlarulske fjorde, I, 

 Hydrografi. Berg. Mus. Aavb. 1903, nr. s, p. 32. 



'-) Here I have also included the amphipods which were found in Malan- 

 gen by Suarre Schneider. Cf. Malangenfjordens fauna. Tromso Mus. Aarsh. 

 1 I. 1891. 



boreal form, has its northern limit in Malangen and Epimeria loricata, 

 which is an arctic one. has here its southern limit. Of Cumacea, 

 I found for instance Diastylis goodsiri, which is a decided arctic 

 form. It was new to Malangen. which is the southern limit for 

 the species on our coast. 



Schizopoda: — Boreophausia inermis, Boreomysis arctica, B. 

 tridens, Pseudomma roseum, Mysideis insignis, Mysis mixta. 



Boreomysis tridens has not been found north of Malangen. 



Decapoda: — Pasiphcea tarda, Pandalus annulicornis, P. propin- 

 qvus, P. brevirostris, Crangon alumni. Pontophilus norvegicus, Sabinea 

 septemearinata, S. septemearinata var. sarsi, Hippolyte spinas. H. 

 lilljeborgi, H. polaris, Bythocaris simplicirostris, Eupagurus pubescens, 

 Lithodes maja, Manilla rugosa, Hi/as coarctatus. Of those mentioned. 

 both Pandalus propinqvus and brevirostris have here their northern 

 limit. Respecting the fauna of Malangen. I refer to the mentioned 

 paper by Suakke Schneider. With the exception of the amphipods, 

 I have here only mentioned the forms which I personally observed 

 in the fiord. 



Brachiopods and molluscs have long been considered to be 

 useful in forming a precise picture of the zoogeographical character 

 of a given district. I will therefore arrange these animals in a 

 table, based upon the examinations which have been made by 

 Sparre Schneider 1 ), "the Norwegian North Atlantic Expedi- 

 tion 2 ), V. \\. S. Aurivillius"), .Tohan Hjort 4 ), A. M. Norman 5 ), 

 G. O. Saks 1 ') and myself. 



! ) Kvaenangens Molluskfauna, Malangenfjordens fauna. 



Tromso Mus. Aarsh. 14, 1891. 



-) Herman Friele & James A. Grieg. Mollusca 111. 



3 ) Hafsevertebrater fran nordligaste Tromso sunt och Yestfinmarken. Ili- 

 hang til Kgl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 11. No. 4. 



4 ) Herman Friele, Mollusken der ersten Nordmeerfahrt des Fischerei- 

 dampfers „Michae] Sars" 1900 unter Leitung von Herrn Dr. Johan H.iour. 

 Berg. Mus. Aarh. 1902, Nr. 3. 



5 ) Notes on the Natural History of East l-'inmark. 

 |; ) Mollusca i - egionis arcticae Norvegiae. 



BrarJdopoda and Mollusca 



Brachiopotln. 



Rhynchonelki psittacea, Ciiemn 



Terebratulina caput serpentis, Lin. 



T. septeiitrionalis, Couth 



Waldheimia cranium, 0. F. Mull. 



Pelecypoda. 



Anomia ephippium, Lin 



*4. aculeata, Mull 



Pecten islandieus, O. F. Mull.. 

 P. septemradiatus, 0. F. Mull. 



P. tigrinus. O. F. Mull 



P. striates, O. F. Mull 



P. vitreus, Ciiemn 



F. abyssorum, Lov 



P. imbrifer, Lov 



P. groenlandicus, sow 



Mytilus eihtlis, Lin 



Modiola modiolus, Lin 



M. phaseolina, Phil 



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