Bottom-Life. 



167 



Sehizoporella porifera, Smitt. 



PI. V, fig. 32. 



Escharella porifera, forma typica, Smitt. Krit. fOrteckn., 

 Ofvers. Kgl. Vet. Akad. Forh. 1867 (Bihang), p. 9, pi. 24, flgs. 

 30—32. 



As to other synonyms, cfr. Nokman. Notes on the Nat. Hist, 

 of East Finmark, p. 121. 



Napstremmen (Lofoten), 30 — 40 in.; Malangen, 100 — 200 m.; 

 The Jokel Fiord LI. 80 m.; Hammerfesl (1894); The K.jolle Fiord 

 (1894): Mehavn (1894). 



Both the shape of the mouth and the operculum with its proxi- 

 mal lobe, prove that there is a relationship to Sehizoporella, (PL V, 

 fig. 32). It must, at any rate, be more correct to classify this 

 species as a Sehizoporella than as a Smittina ov Eschara (Lepralia). 

 The southern limit of the species which has been found up to the 

 present is Lofoten; its distribution is arctic. 



Sch izoporella li neata, Nok dgaard. 



PI. V, figs. 33, 34. 



1805. Smittia lineata, Nobdgaabd, System, fortegn. Bergens Mus. 



Aarb. 1894—95, nr. 2, p. 27, pi. 2, fig. 2. 

 1903. „Smittia" lineata, Nokman, Notes on the Nat. Hist, of 



East Finmark, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7. vol. 12, 



p. 122. pi. 9. tigs. 14, 15. 



Nordkyu (1894). 



Nokman has taken this species in East Finmark, on 

 Escharopsis rosacea, dredged off Vadso. He remarks also (1. c.) : — 

 „Othcr specimens in my collection are one received from Smitt 

 taken at Spitzbergen, and named Escharella aurieulata ; others from 

 the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Whiteaves), and off Holsteinborg, Green- 

 land, in 57 fathoms." 



From this it will be seen that lineata has an arctic distribution, 

 and it is probable that what has been stated to be Sehizoporella 

 aurieulata, Hassal from these latitudes should lie transferred to 

 lineata. The two species appear to be very closely allied, so that 

 it is easily explained that the arctic form (lineata) is confused with 

 the more southern one (aurieulata). 



Leiesehara coarctata, M. Saks. 



Moskenstrommen. 90 m.; Malangen, 100—200 m.: Evaenangen 

 II, 90 in. 



Leiesehara plana, Dawson. 



The Jokel Fiord II, SO m.; Kvsenangen, Svserholt (1894). 



Norman 1 ) has made it clear that Myriozoum crustaceum, Smitt 

 = Lepralia plana. Dawson. Waters is-) probably right in placing 

 this species under the genus Schizopori lla. 



Eschara polita, Nokman. 

 Lepralia polita, Noeman, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 

 13, p. 87, pi. 11, fig. 1. 



llammerfest (1894), on stone. 



In his work on „the Polyzoa of East Finmark' - , from which 

 several quotations are taken in this paper. Nobman has given the 

 reasons for substituting Eschara for Hincks' genus Lepralia. The 

 synonyms for Lepralia polita may be found in my paper: — „Die 



J ) Finmark Pol., p. 110. 



2 ) Bryozoa from F. Josef Land. p. 64. 



Bryozoen des westlichen Nbrwegens". Die Meeresfauna von Ber- 

 gen, p. 87. 



Eschara mosh nsis, a. sp. 



PI. IV. figs. 3—5. 



Moskenstrommen II, on stone. 150 m. 



This species is particularly noticeable on account of its large, 

 wide zooecia (fig. 3), which are scantily pierced with small holes 

 in the sides. The oral aperture is partly surrounded by 4—6 shori 



spines. On the surface of the ooecium (fig. I) there are fine punc- 

 tures, but they are not pierced through. The operculum (fig. 5) 

 is quite solid, and the muscle insertions are verj distinct. 



It is probable that Smitt 1 ! has this form in his paper of 1871, 

 under the iiamr Discopora megastoma, for fig. 26 shows no slight 

 resemblance to the above mentioned species. I have, however, 

 given a new name, as 1 consider that Smitt's Discopora megastoma 

 includes two species, neither of them being identical to Lepralia 

 megastoma, Busk. (Cfr. Smitt's illustrations and description just 

 quoted with Crag Polyzoa, p. 55. pi. 8, fig. 5). 



Eschara nordlandica, a. sp. 



PI. IV. figs. 32—35. 



Kvaenangen II. 90 m.. on stone. 



The zooecia large, but not so broad as in the preceding spe- 

 cies. The front wall is perforated by conspicuous pores and there 

 are no spines on the edge of the oral aperture. Under the aper- 

 ture there is a protrusion (umbo). There are raised lines between 

 the zooecia (fig. 32) nearly all over. The ooecia are punctured, 

 but not perforated. The operculum is quite solid and has distinct 

 ribs (fig. 35). In fig. 33, it may be seen how these ribs lie against 

 the condyles of the oral aperture. 



It is not improbable that this species is included under Smitt's 

 definition Discopora megastoma. In Smitt's paper of 1871, the figs. 

 24, 25 show no little resemblance to the above mentioned specie.. 

 In his description (1. c, p. 1129). Smitt also mentions a profusion 

 at the front of the zooecium. But there are hardly sufficient grounds 

 for supposing that this species is identical to Lepralia megastoma, 

 Busk. His species has, for instance, ..a single row of channelled 

 pores". 2 ) On the other hand, there is a stronger resemblance 

 between Eschara nordlandica and Eschara (Lepralia) pertusa, Esper, 

 according to Hincks' characterisation of this species in Brit. Mar. 

 Pol. (1888), p. 305, pi. 43. tie's. 4, 5. But the shape of the oral 

 aperture seems to be different, as well as the puncturing of the 

 ooecia. I think it is quite justifiable to enter it as a new species, 

 for I share the opinion that less harm is done by introducing a 

 new name for a known species than by classing two different 

 species under an old name. 



The name Lepralia megastoma \< used, in addition to the pla- 

 ces above mentioned, also by Lokenz :; i and Bidenkap*), the latter 

 also mentions the species a- being a Mucronella. Bedenkap re- 

 marks that ..die stark verkalkten Zooecien haben die ganze Vor- 

 derseite mit grossen Poren durchlOchert", from which it appears 

 extremely likely that the species, which Bidenkap had before him 

 (from Spitzbergen) was E. nordlandica. 



'i Overs. Kgl. Vet. Akad. Forh., 1-71. p. L129, pi. 21, figs. 24 -26. 

 -i Crag Pol., i>. 55. < Er. pi. - fig. 5. 



3 ) Bryozoen von Jan Mayen. Beobacl,' reich. Polar- 



station Jan Mayen. Ill B., p. 89. 



'i Fauna arcrica (\"ii Romee u. Schacdixx). B. I. p. 521. 



