Eumycetes. — Lichenes. — Pteridophyten. 387 



species of Torula or Monilia must be regarded as harmful or 

 damaging fungi for "shöyu", but their common property of decolo- 

 rizing "shöyu" roay sometimes he utilized for the preparation of 

 the colorless or "shiro-shöyu", by taking the precaution of lessening 

 the deterioration effect of the fungus. The Mycoderma species in 

 "shöyu-koji" will be more appreciated in future on account of its 

 energetic generation ot a pleasant aroma. 



The degree of the fermentation and the decomposition of the 

 raw materials differ in noticeable amounts, so we must use special 

 precautions in selecting the varieties of Zygosaccharomyces in this 

 regard. M. J. Sirks (ßunnik). 



Yasuda, A., Fünf neue Arten der Flechten, (ßotanical Ma- 

 gazine. Tokyo. XXIX. p. 317—322. 5 Fig. Japanese Text. 1915.) 



Die Arbeit enthält Abbildungen (Habitus) und japanische Be- 

 merkungen über: Lecanora Yasudae, Cetraria japonica, Lecidea 

 spumosula, Stereocaulon nabewariense und Cladonia aliena, fünf 

 neue, von Zahlbruckner aufgestellte Arten. Es ist nicht möglich 

 aus der Arbeit zu erfahren, ob die neuen Arten auch noch anderswo 

 veröffentlicht werden oder wurden. Jongmans. 



Nagai,!., On the influence of nutrition u|pon the develop- 

 ment of sexual organs in the fern prothallia. (Journ. 

 Coli. Agr. imp. Univ. Tokyo. VI. p. 121 — 164. 1915.) 



The author summarizes his researches as follows: 



1. The development of the antheridia and the archegonia in the 

 prothallia of Aspleniiini Nidus and of Osniunda regalis var. japonica 

 are dependent on the concentration of Knop's Solution by which 

 they are grown. As a whole, the total number of antheridia as 

 well as the average number per prothallium produced, decrease as 

 the concentration decreases. In Aspleniurn Nidus, the number of 

 the sterile prothallia increases as the concentration of the nutrient 

 Solution decreases. But in Osniunda no such relation is found. 



2. In both experimented species, the archegonia are formed 

 only above 0.175 per cent Knop's Solution. The best concentration 

 for Asplenium Nidus is 0.175 per cent, and for Osniunda regalis 

 var. japonica, 0.35 per cent. In Osmunda, the archegonia are not 

 formed in the 0.7 per cent Solution, but in Asplenium, they are 

 formed in the same concentration. 



3. In Osniunda, antheridia are possible to develop in 2.0 to 

 0.0175 per cent Knop's Solution as well as in the distilled water. 

 In Asplenium Nidus, however, the concentration of nutrient Solution 

 is required to be above 0.0175 per cent for the formation of anthe- 

 ridia. Prothallia grown in a Solution lower than that concentration 

 are found to be almost completely sterile. 



4. It is observed in many prothallia of Asplenium, Nidus that 

 both sexual organs appear only successively but not simultaneously, 

 consequently they appear to be dioecious. 



5. The prothallia of Osmunda regalis var. japonica grown in 

 the nutrient Solution which lacks in calcium or magnesium salt 

 remain almost completely sterile. 



6. The osmotic pressure of the cells of prothallia of both species 

 is variable according to the strength of the nutrient Solution upon 

 which they are grown either by sand or by liquid culture. The 



