Bryophyten. — Pteridophyten. 369 



recent acquirement than terminal. And apparently there is a harmony 

 between vigorous growth and terminal ramification, and an antago- 

 nism between vigorous growth and intercalary branching. 



A. Gepp. 



Evans, A. W., Notes on North American Hepaticae. II. 

 (The Bryologist. XIV. p. 84—88. Sept. 1911.) 



Includes one new combination: Lopholejeunea atroviridis (Spruce) 

 Evans, originally described as Lejeunea {Acrolejewiea) atroviridis 

 Spruce. Maxon. 



Bower, F. O., Studies in the Phylogeny of the Filicales. 

 II. Lophosoria, and its Relation to the Cyatheoideae and 

 other Ferns. (Ann. Bot. p. 269—324 with Plates XXX— XXXVI. 

 1912.) 



The Gleicheniaceae a-nd especially the species of the subgenus 

 Mertensia seem to be among the most primitive of the Filicales to- 

 judge from the anatomy and the structure of the sorus. In many, 

 though not in all characters Gleichenia ßabellata seems to be a pri- 

 mitive type, as is possibly G. laevigata. On the other hand G. pecti- 

 nata, one of the most advanced forms is interesting because in 

 the variability in size of the sporangia and antheridia it indicates 

 the readiness with which such a type might advance to characters 

 shared by the other Leptosporangiatae , notably the Cyatheaceae. G. 

 pectinata, too, alone among the Gleicheniaceae resembles the simpler 

 Cyatheaceae in being solenostelic. 



The genus Lophosoria is itself solenostelic, the leaf gaps occa- 

 sionally showing a tendency to overlap slightly. but this tendency 

 never becomes really marked. Usually, though not constantly, each 

 leaf has an adventitious bud at its base; the vascular System of the 

 latter is given off from the base of the leaf trace; the buds exami- 

 ned were solenostelic from the first. As is often the case in the 

 Cyatheaceae there is no protoxylem, the tracheides seeming to be 

 uniform in structure and to mature almost simultaneousry, The leaf 

 trace is given off as a simple curve but assumes the form of a 

 horsesboe with lateral involutions; it may further divide into three 

 bundles. These are endarch with numerous protoxylems, as many 

 as 47 having been counted in one case. At its departure the pinna 

 trace is connected with both bays of the folded trace of the rachis 

 as it is, mutatis mutandis, in Cyathea excelsa. It is held that the 

 method of departure of the pinna trace in Gleichenia linearis agrees 

 fundamentally with the method described for Lophosoria, but that 

 it is simpler and the resulting pinna traces are equal in size to the 

 trace of the main rachis. Not only is the sorus of Lophosoria of the 

 simultaneous type "but there is an extraordinary simultaneity of 

 development of the sporangia on the same pinnule, and even on 

 the whole leaf. The annulus is oblique and complete though some- 

 what irregulär and the receptacle has a vascular supply. The pro- 

 thallus is at first filamentous, then spathulate in form, with illdefined 

 un equal lobes like those of Alsophila. 



Part of the morphological discussion is devoted to showing that 

 it is possible to believe, as the author does, that the sporophyte 

 was primitively radially symmetrical, but that from forms in the 

 same cycle of affinity as the Gleicheniaceae , at present a character- 

 istically creeping family, have been evolved the Cyatheaceae, many 



Botan. Centralblatt. Band 120. 1912. 24 



