166 Physiologie. 



pyrogallol of the equivalent of 1 gram of hydrogen — i.e., a unit 

 ol 8 grams of oxygen. Moore. 



Livingston, B. E. and A. H. Estabrook. Observations on the 

 degree of stomatal movement in certain plants. (Bul. 

 Torrey bot. Club. XXXIX. p. 15-22. Jan. 1912.) 



The results of a series of stomatal measurements on Fimkia, 

 Isatis, Alliunij Eich ho min and Oenothera growing in the open. 

 Lloyd's method of examination was used (Pub. 89 Carnegie Inst, 

 p. 26, 1908) and it was found that 90°/ alcohol was apparently as 

 satisfactory as absolute. Table 1 shows that all stomata were open 

 at the hour of daylight Observation while the majority were open at 

 the night hour. All conditions being equal exepting that of the size 

 of opening, the diffusive capacity of the stomata to be about 8.2 

 per cent. as great at about midnight as at three in the afternoon. 

 Table 11 gives the calculated diffusive capacities as well as the 

 minima, means and maxima of the actual dimensions of two series 

 of plants. Moore. 



MacDougal, D. T., An attempted analysis of parasitism. (Bot. 

 Gaz. LH. p. 249-260. fig. 1—6. Oct. 1911.) 



The work described in this and previous papers by the same 

 author (Pub. 129 Carnegie Inst, of Wash. 1910) has demonstrated 

 certain physical conditions which make parasitism possible and has 

 led to the Suggestion of physiological activities which limit or faci- 

 litate the adhesion of two seed plants in a dependent nutritive 

 combination. Moore. 



Mast, S. O., Light and the behavior oforganisms. Ist ed. 



(New York, J. Wiley & Sons, 8°. 410 pp. 1911.) 



Primarily an intensive and extensive study of the process of 

 orientation in plants and animals especially those without eyes; but 

 dealing also with the general behavior of organisms in relation to 

 their reactions to light. Part 1 is a historical review concerning 

 the origin and development of ideas and theories regarding move- 

 ments in plants and animals with special reference to the question 

 of tropisms. Part II deals with experimental observations and dis- 

 cussions bearing on the questions as to how organisms (especially 

 those without eyes) bend or turn and move towards or from a 

 Stimulation. Part III is a general consideration of reactions to light, 

 while Part IV treats of the reactions in light of different wave 

 lengths or colors. The following points are established: 



1) Movement and change in movement both in rate and direction, 

 may take place without any immediate external change. 



2) Sudden changes in light intensity on any sensitive structure 

 in an organism may cause reactions. 



3) Continued illumination without any Variation of intensity 

 probably affects the rate of locomotion in all organisms which respond 

 to light, and it may cause changes in direction of movement by 

 inducing the reversal in the sense of reaction. 



4) A sudden increase and a sudden decrease of light intensity 

 may under certain conditions produce the same reaction. 



5) A given condition of illumination may inhibit one kind of 

 movement in an organism and cause movement of another kind. 



