Allgemeines. — Anatomie. 339 



'& 



System with an Apoc3'nal stock at its base, itself derived from a 

 Geranial ancestry. 



The main sympetalous groups with the epigjmous flowers, viz, 

 Rubiales and Campaniilatae, are derived from the "calycifloral 

 Plexus" of Archichlarnydeae. Among the latter we observe an "Um- 

 belliftoral" Tendency, which results in the cymose aggregation of 

 the flowers into one horizontal level, or at least a continuous expan- 

 ded surface, as in the Unibelliflorae. The appearance of sympetaly 

 upon this line produced the Rubialian Stock; from this the Dipsa- 

 cales arose by as^nnmetry of the flower (Individual Zygomorphy) 

 coupled with reduction in the number of stamens. 



The final Chapter (IX) contains a general summary of the pre- 

 ceding studies, and displays the origin of the Sympetalae as seven- 

 fold. Author's abstract (abridged). 



Jadin, F. et Juillet, A. Recherches anatomiques sur trois 

 especes de Kalanchoe de Madagascar donnant des resines 

 parfuraees dans leurs ecorces. (Ann. Musee Colonial de 

 Marseille. 2e Serie. X. p. 137-156, 5 ph, 19 tig. 1912.) 



Ces trois especes sont les Kalanchoe Grandidieri Baill., K. Deles- 

 curei R. Hamet et K. beharensis Drake, qui croissent dans la region 

 S. de Madagascar; elles ont ete etudiees ä l'aide d'echantilions 

 provenant des serres du Jardin botanique de Marseille. Les carac- 

 teres anatomiques montrent surtout qu'on a affaire ä des xerophytes; 

 de plus ces Crassulacees sont remarquables par la presence de 

 resine dans leur liege. Ce liege est d'origine sous-epidermique dans 

 les K. Grandidieri et K. Delescurei, tandis qu'il est d'origine epider- 

 mique dans l'autre espece, dont les cellules sous-epidermiques 

 renferment du tannin. J. Offner. 



Takeda, H., Some Points intheAnatomyoftheLeafof 

 Welwitschia mirabilis. (Ann. Bot. XXVII. 106. p. 347—357. 1 pl. 

 5 Textfig. 1913.) 



The author's account of the leaf of Welwitschia is based upon 

 herbarium material and also on the cotyledons and young leaves 

 of two seedlings raised in England. Sections were cut by band 

 and microtome in three directions-transverse, horizontal and longi- 

 tudinal. 



An interesting description is given of the nervation, which 

 proves to be constructed on the same plan both in the cotyledon 

 and young foliage leaf. It consists of six main bundles, derived 

 from two bundles which enter the leaf base and brauch almost 

 immediately. This description differs from that of Bower, and 

 Hill and de Fraine who State that four bundles enter each coty- 

 ledon. Takeda points out that the double leaf trace is also to be 

 Seen in the bracts of Welwitschia and in the leaves and bracts of 

 Ephedra. He also shows that the cotyledons of Welwitschia are con- 

 nate, and that this character is common to the leaves and bracts 

 of the three genera of Gnetales. He regards Welwitschia and the 

 other Gnetales as distinctly gymnospermic, and cannot agree with 

 the view that the Gnetales are more closely allied to the Cycadales 

 than to the Coniferales. As far as anatomical features are concerned, 

 he finds Welwitschia to be more closel}' allied to Ephedra than to 

 Gnetitm. Agnes Arber (Cambridge). 



