122 Pflanzenkrankheiten. — Bakteriologie. — Floristik etc 



b' 



VI, The peppervines of the Bankanese show a marked difference 

 from those of the Chinese: the last-named ones produce 4 Ibs. white 

 pepper a year during 20years, the first-named ones three times less 

 during one third of that time. 



There is no other reason for this difference than the careful 

 cultivation by the Chinese and the neglecting of several necessary 

 measures by the Bankanese. Which one of the measures of the 

 Chinese is the niost important cannot be stated theoretically. Only 

 experiments especially arranged for this pufpose can settle this 

 point. M. J. Sirks (Bunnik). 



Sharples, A., UstiiUna Sonata — a fungus affecting Hevea 

 bfasilieiisis. (Bull. 25, Dept. of Agric, Fed. Malay States, p. 1—24. 

 10 pl. 1916.) 



The author has continued the investigations on Ustulina sonata 

 causing a disease of Hevea brasüiensis, a preliminary general ac- 

 count of which was given by Brooks (Bull. 22). The present paper 

 is a füll account of the disease as it occurs in Malaya, and seve- 

 ral facts additional to those noted by Brooks are established. 



The conidial stage of the fungus is described fully, and several 

 variations in the form of the fruit-body are figured. The progress 

 of the rot in roots and coUar was observed both in the field and in 

 artificial inoculations. The fungus is a wound parasite, and it is 

 shown that it usually foUows attacks by boring beetles. The borers 

 easily enter trees in which the bark has been bruised or scorched 

 by fire. The borer-attacks are most common during the thinning- 

 out period, and Ustulina quickly follows them, infecting stems and 

 branches. Hc^nce the thinning-out period is the most dangerous 

 one with reference to the parasitism of this fungus. 



Strict sanitationmethods, both at the time of planting and at 

 the time of thinning-out, are advocated as the most effective method 

 of dealing with the disease, which appears to be very common in 

 Malaya. 



Cultures of the fungus on artificial media, from both conidia 

 and ascospores, are described. E. M. Wakefield (Kew). 



Rand, F. V. and E. M. A. Enlows. Transmission and con- 

 trol of bacterial wilt of Cucurbits. (Journ. Agr. Res. III. 

 p. 417—434. pl. 53-54. June 12, 1916.) 



Referring to Bacillus tracheiphihts and is spread by insects. 



Trelease. 



Adams, C. C, An Ecological Study ofPrairie and Forest 

 Invertebrates. (Bull. lll. State Lab. Nat. Hist. XI. Art. 2. p. 

 30 — 280, with map and 63 pl. Sept. 1915.) 



This voluminous study illustrated also by 18 figures in the text 

 can be synopsized best by a transcript of the table of contents. 



Introductory. 



General description of the region and location of the ecological 

 stations. 



I. General description of the region. 



II. The ecological stations. 



Description of the prairie habitats and animals. 



I. Prairie area nord of Charleston, Station I. 



