124 Floristik, Geographie, Systematik etc. 



5. The tree-trunk Community. 



6. The decaying wood Community. 



7. Interrelations within the forest association. 

 Ecologically annotated list. 



I. Prairie invertebrates. 

 II. Forest invertebrates. 

 Bibliography, Harshberger. 



Bailey, I. W. a n d E. W. Sianott. The Climatic Distribution 

 of certain Types of Angiosperm Leaves. (Amer, Journ. 

 Bot. III. p. 23-39. Juni 1916.) 



The authors believe that there is a very clearly marked corre- 

 lation between leaf-margin and environment in the distribution of 

 Dicptyledons in the various regions of the earth. Leaves and leaf- 

 lets with entire margins are overwhelmingly predominant in low- 

 land tropic regions; those with non-entire margine in mesophytic 

 cold-temperate areas. In the tropic zones, non-entire margins are 

 favored by moist uplands, equable environments, and protected, 

 comparatively cool habitats; in the cold-temperate zones, entire 

 margins are favored by arid environments and other ph5^siologically 

 dry habitats. Correlations between leaf margin and prevailing cli- 

 matic influences are more strikingly shown among trees and large 

 shrubs than among herbs, as might be expected naturally, when 

 the fundamental differences between those important growth forms 

 are taken into consideration. The determinaiion of the percentages 

 of entire and non-entire leaves in Cretaceous and Tertiary Dicoty- 

 ledonous fioras, affords a simple and rapid means of gauging the 

 general climatic conditions which existed in the regions where 

 these plants flourished. There is grave danger in inferring, the 

 authors think, because a certain foliar character has remained 

 unaltered through long periods of geologic time, or has varied 

 greatly among closely related forms, that the leaf is inherently 

 "conservative" or "inconstant". Harshberger. 



Bray, W. L., The Development ofthe Vegetation ofNew 

 York State. (Techn. Pub. N» 3. N. Y. State Coli, of Forestry at 

 Syracuse Univ. 186 pp. with 52 figures and colored map. Nov. 

 1916.) 



The object of this bulletin is to present a study of the develop- 

 ment of the Vegetation of the State for the purpose of furthering the 

 scientific education of the people of the State. For this purpose 

 Dr. Bray travelled the State and ascended the highest peaks of 

 the Adirondocks. He treats of the subject dynamically giving a 

 general view of Classification, growth forms and plant associations, 

 as also a sketch of the geologic history of the plant life including 

 a discussion of the glacial period and its effect upon New York 

 Vegetation. Several chapters deal with the modern aspect of the 

 flora, its content, zonal relations and extra-continental connections. 

 The purely ecologic portion discusses the development of Vegetation 

 as influenced by the substratura and under this general caption 

 the aquatic, marsh, swamp, bog and other formations and associa- 

 tions are described. A short account of New York Vegetation under 

 cultural condition is given. Harshberger. 



