Morphologie, Teratologie, Befruchtung, Cytologie. 307 



ciation are closely allied. In the spiral shoots, the scaly leaves take 

 up their position along the lines of the Spiral instead ot in the usual 

 whorls. The author regards excess of water supply as the probable 

 cause of these abnormalities. Agnes Arber (Cambridgej. 



Nord, F., Androgyn Betula verrucosa Ehrh. (Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 

 X. p. 272. 1916.) 



In O est ergo tland beobachtete Verf. eine androgyne B. z;^;'n/cosa 

 mit 9Blüten an der Basis, cT-Blüten an der Spitze der Blütenstände. 

 Uebergänge von fast rein weiblichen zu fast rein mannlichen Blü- 

 tenständen waren vorhanden. An einigen Zweigen schienen keine 

 androgynen Blütenstände vorzukommen. 



Grevillius (Kempen a. Rh.). 



Small, J., Notes on the CoroUa in the Compositae. (New 

 Phyt. XV. p. 23—35. 33 textfigs. 1916.) 



In a previous paper on the Compositae (Small, J. The Pollen- 

 Presentation mechanism in the Compositae, Ann. Bot. XXIX. 1915) 

 the author pointed out that any phylogenetic scheme dealing with 

 this Order must take into account, ainong other data, "the form, 

 development and colour of the corolla". In the present paper it is 

 shown that these characters in the corolla show a development 

 which confirms the hypothesis that the course of evolution in the 

 Compositae has followed the lines indicated by the study of the 

 poUen-presentation mechanism. 



The characters of the corolla in the Eitpatorieae and Vernonieae, 

 although they do not confirm to any extent the inversion suggested 

 in the position of these tribes, are quite in harmony with the change 

 suggested by the study of the poUen-presentation mechanism. The 

 corolla characters in whole or in part confirm the suggested lines 

 of the development for the Astereae, Inuleae, Cichorieae, Mutisieae 

 and Cynareae. 



The Interpretation of the raj^ floret as bilabiate and of the same 

 type as the Mutisieae is confirmed by the study of abnormalities 

 and of development. The position of the Mutisieae below the Cytia- 

 reae is justified still further by this breaking down of the distinction 

 between the florets of that tribe and the ray florets in others; it is 

 also proved to be natural by the scarcity of blue and predominance 

 of yellow flowers in this group as compared with the Cynareae. 



It is suggested that Cichorieae arose from the Senecioneae by 

 mutation, and evidence in support of the hypothesis is adduced 

 from the published accounts of mutation in the order. On this 

 theory the great similarity even in the most unimportant details 

 throughout this sub-order can be explained, for if the group Is 

 monophyletic and of recent origin, it is obvious that it will not 

 have had time to produce forms differing to the degree which 

 obtains in the other tubes of the Compositae. 



Agnes Arber (Cambridge). 



Takeda, H., Some points in the morphology of the sti- 

 pules in the Stellatae, with special reference to Galium. 

 (Ann. Bot. XXX. p. 197—214. 27 textfigs. 1916.) 



The author's work on the stipules of the Stellatae is based 



