Chart 2: France: 



CH authority for civil R&D is centralized in the Ministry of Research and Technology (MRT). All publicly funded 

 civil S&T activities fall under its policy umbrella, with shared roles by Ministries of Education, Industry, 

 Economy and PTT (for space); 



I I France has the second largest EC S&T expenditure, at $17.5 billion in constant 1988 dollars; the figure for 

 1989, in current dollars, is $19.1 billion; 



I I industry funds 43% of total R&D (1 988); there has been a slight upward trend over the past decade; 



LH roughly 20% of total S&T goes to support basic research. 



I I research is designated a national priority, emphasizing enhanced support for industrial research; young 

 researcher training and employment; increased public support to small-and-medium enterprises; 



I I national R&D expenditures are growing at a rate of 6.5% annually (3.4% real adjusted growth 1 985-88); 



LJ 8% of basic research spending goes to support engineering research; 



D the R&D budget is 6.34% of total national budget (1986); 



n a modest proportion of GDP is devoted to S&T: 2.31 % in 1 989 vs. 2.25% in 1 985; the trend appears to be 

 upward; 



D 31 % of budget goes to defense R&D in 1 989, against 34% in 1 987. 



Chart 3: United Kingdom: 



I I policymaking for S&T is centralized in the Prime Minister's office; the bulk of funding flows through the 

 Departments of Trade and Industry (technology) and of Education and Science (basic research); 



n the UK has the third largest EC S&T expenditure, $17.1 billion inconstant 1988 dollars; the figure in 1989, for 

 current dollars, is $17.8 billion; 



n Industry funds 50% of total R&D expenditures in 1 989, up from 47% in 1 988; 



CH R&D expenditures have grown at over 7 percent annually in recent years (4% real adjusted growth 1985-87); 



n a high percentage of budget goes to defense R&D: 47% in 1989 (51% in 1987); 



D 17% of the total national S&T budget (35% of civil S&T) is spent on basic research (1985); 



lH Research Council and university investigators perform 95% of basic research; 



n there has been a sharp decline in government funding of industrial R&D, from 30% to 20% in the five years 

 prior to 1986; 



LJ Priorities are to: 



• maintain and enhance S&T education and research quality; 



• increase social and economic return on S&T investment; and 



• improve management for greater concentration and selectivity of support 



D the R&D budget consumes around 3% of the national budget (1986); 



n The portion of GDP to R&D is relatively modest: 2.17 % in 1989 vs. 2.21% in 1988 (2.25% in 1985); the 

 overall trend continues downward. 



