116 JESCULLS I'AVIA. 



3. M. p. HUMiMS (P. r. fimni/is, of Loudon.) Dtrnrf Small Burkri/e. This 

 is a diminutive, weak, straggling recuuibcnt bush, only from two to tliree feet in 

 height. 



4. /E. p. DISCOLOR {Pavia discolor^ df Loudon.) Two-coloured-Jlowercd Small 

 Buckeije. The whole plant of this variety, when young, is covered with pubes- 

 cence. The lealh^ts art; often sonifwhat doubly-serrato, sometimes smooth, and 

 Q little shinini: above. 'J'he inlloresccnce resembles that of the yEseulus flava, 

 but the /lowers are clecidedly tho.se of the /Esculus pavia. They are large, showy, 

 being yellow, white, pale, dull-red, or ))urple-variegated, continuing a long time 

 expanding, and numerous, though they are but sparingly succeeded by fruit. Thi.s 

 plant varies in height from three to ten feet, and when rai.sed from seed, it is re- 

 markable for its thick, fleshy, carrot-like roots, which, in free soil, penetrate per- 

 pend icularly to the depth of eight or ten feet, as was the case in the Hammer- 

 smith nursery, in England. 



5. M. p. HYBRiD.\ {Pavia hyhrida, of Loudon.) The leaves of this variety are 

 clothed beneath with velvety pubescence, the petioles are smooth, and the flowers 

 yellow. The leaves and flowers of this form bear some resemblance to those of 

 the ^Esculus pavia discolor, but its flowers are more sparingly produced. 



6. jE. p. neglecta {Pavia neglecta^ of Loudon). The leaves of this variety 

 have rufous down on the veins on their upper sides, are smooth beneath, and rather 

 plicate. The flowers are pale-yellow, and veined with red. This is a tree re- 

 sembling the preceding variety, and, like it, is apparently a hybrid between the 

 ^sculus pavia and ^. pavia discolor. 



7. ^. p. MACRocARPA {Pttvia macrocarpa, of Loudon.) This variety appears 

 to be intermediate between some variety of ^sculus hippocastanum and vEsculus 



pavia. The leaves are large, smooth on the upper surface, and shining. The 

 tlowers are nearly as large as those of the common horse-chesnut, but with the 

 petals less spreading, and of a pale-red colour, mixed with yellow. The 

 branches are spreading and loose ; and the whole tree has an open, graceful 

 appearance, and quite different from that compactness of form and rigidity of 

 branches which characterize most of the larger trees of this genus. 



Geography and History. The small buckeye is found in fertile valleys and 

 on mountains, from Virginia to Georgia, Louisiana, and Arkansas ; and is said 

 also to be a native of Brazil and of Japan. It was introduced into Britain 

 by Thomas Fairchild, in 1711, and since that time it has been generally culti- 

 vated as an ornamental shrub throughout Europe. 



In England, at Ham House, in Essex, in 1835, it had attained the height of 

 twenty-one feet, with an ambitus or spread of branches of thirty-two feet. At 

 Wardour Castle, in Wiltshire, in twenty years after planting, it had arrived at 

 a height of thirty feet. A plant of the dwarf variety was engrafted on the com- 

 mon horse-chesnut by Messrs. Loddiges, at Hackney, and produced a beautiful, 

 pendulous, low tree. 



In France, at Paris, in the Jardin des Plantes, a tree of this species attained 

 the height of thirty feet in twenty-three years after planting. 



In Hanover, at Schwcibber, there is a small buckeye over forty feet in height. 



At Philadelphia, in the garden of Mr. D. Landreth, there is a tree of this spe- 

 cies, thirty years planted, which is twenty-five feet high, with a trunk three and 

 a half feet in circumference. 



Properties, Uses, 4*c- The wood of the iEsculus pavia resembles that of the 

 common horse-chesnut, but is of no particular use, thus far, in the arts. On the 

 authority of Elliott, the bruised branches, or powdered seeds of this tree are 

 sometimes employed to stupify fish. When the water of small ponds is impreg- 

 nated with them, the fish rise to the surface almost lifeless, and may readilv bf 



