EUROPEAN HOLLY. IGl 



shrubs, is accompanied by a ragged, or otherwise unhealthy appearance in the 

 leaves: but the holly is one oi' the very few exceptions to this rule. Its variega- 

 tions are chiefly confined to the modifications of white and yellow in the leaves; 

 but there are some kinds in which the deviation results from the size, form, and 

 prickly state of the leaves; and others consist of ditrerenccs in the colour of 

 the fruit, which is red, yellow, black, or white. The following varieties are 

 all that are regarded as truly distinct; but the shades of dilference under each 

 name are almost innumerable : 



1. I. A. HETEROPHYLLUM, Loudou. Varwus-leaved Holly. 



2. I. A. A.NGUsTiFOLiuM, Loudou. Nurrow-lcaved Holly. 



3. I. A. LATiFOLiUM, Loudou. Bi'ocid-leaved Holly. 



4. I. A. ALTACLERENSE, Loudon. High Clcre Holly. Leaves broad, thin, flat. 



5. I. A. MARGINATUM, Loudou. Thiclc-margined-leaved Holly. Leaves broad, 

 entire. 



6. I. A. LAURiFOLiuM, LoudoH. Laiirel-leaved Holly. Leaves small, entire. 



7. I. A. ciLiATUBi, Loudon. Ciliated-leaved Holly . Leaves small, with prickles 

 along the margin like hairs. 



8. L A. ciLiATUM MINUS, Loudon. Smaller-ciliated-leaved Holly. Leaves smaller 

 than the preceding. 



9.- I. A. KECURVUM, Loudou. Rcciirved-leavcd Holly. 



10. L A. sERRATiFOLiUM, Loudou. Serrated-lcavcd Holly. 



11. I. A. CRispUM, Loudon, Curled-leaved Holly. 



12. I. A. FERox, Loudon. Fierce-spiiie-leaved, or Hedgehog Holly. Leaves 

 rolled and covered with spines. 



13. I. A. CRAssiFOLiuM, LoudoH. Tkiclc-leaved Holly. 



14. I. A. SENESCENS, LoudoH. Aged or Spiiieless Holly. 



15. I. A. ALBO MARGINATUM, Loudon. White edged-leaved Holly. Margins of 

 leaves white, or pale-yellow. 



16. L A. AUREO MARGINATUM, Loudon. Goldeu-edged-leaved Holly. Margins 

 of leaves light and dark yellow, 



17. L A. ALBO picTUM, Loudou. White-spotted-leaved Holly, Blilk-maid Holly. 

 Margins of leaves green, middle white. 



18. I. A. AUREO PICTUM, Loudou. Gold-spotted-leaved Holly. 



19. L A. FEROX ARGENTEUM, Loudoii. SHver-blotched Hedgehog Holly. 



20. I. A. FEROX AUREUM, Loudoii. Gold-blotched Hedgehog Holly. 



21. I. A. FRUCTU LUTEO, Loudoii. Yellow-fnutcd Holly. 



22. I. A. FRUCTU ALBO, Loudou. White-friutcd Holly. 



23. I. A. FRUCTU NiGRO, Host. Bluck-fruited Holly. 



Geography and History. The Ilex aquifolium is indigenous to most parts of 

 the middle and south of Europe, and it is said to be found in China and Japan. 

 It does not appear to be a native either of America or of India, unless the Ilex opaca 

 of the United States, and the Ilex dipyrena in the Himalayas, should prove, by 

 cultivation, to be varieties of it. According to Pallas, it scarcely occurs within 

 the ancient limits of the Russian empire, though frequent on the southern side 

 of Caucasus, where it forms a low, branching shrub, about ten feet high. In 

 France, it is abundant, more particularly in Brittany. In Germany, it abounds 

 in many forests, especially in the southern and middle states; where, when 

 sheltered by lofty trees, it attains the height of twenty feet ; but in exposed situ- 

 ations, it does not exceed a height of six or eight feet. This tree appears to 

 attain a larger size in England than in any other part of tlie globe. It abounds 

 in that country, more or less, in the remains of all aboriginal forests, and per- 

 haps, at present, it prevails nowhere to a greater extent than in Need wood For- 

 est, ill Staflbrdshire. In Scotland it is found in most natural woods, as an. 

 21 



