EUROPEAN OR FIELD ELM. 4S7 



given out from Norwich, Bristol, and other places, under the name of the Chi- 

 chester elm ; but you may rely on my word that the Chichester elm and the 

 Huntingdon elm are one and the same thing. The tree is the fastest grower, 

 and produces the best timber of all the elms. 1 have lately cut down some trees, 

 planted about forty years ago, and have used the planks in various ways in 

 house-building.' "* 



37. U. c. MONTANA GLABRA MAJOR. Larger Snwoth-leaved Mountdin Field Elm ; 

 Ubniis m. glcibra innjor^ of Loudon; a Canterbury seedling, of more vigorous 

 growth than the Ulmus c. montana glabra, and, indeed, is a rival of the Hunt- 

 ingdon elm, in quickness of growth. It resembles the latter in its bark; but is 

 more spreading in its branches; and preserves its foliage long after that of the 

 Ulmus c. montana glabra. 



38. U. c. MONTANA GLABRA GLANDULOSA. Glandidoiis-lsaved SnujotJi-lcaved Moi/n- 

 t'tbi Field Elm ; Ulmus in. glabra glandulosa, of Loudon, with leaves very glan- 

 dular beneath. 



39. U. c. MONTANA GLABRA LATiFOLiA. Brood-lcaved Smootli-leaved Moinitain 

 Field Elm; Ulmus m. glabra latifoUa^ of Loudon, with leaves oblong, acute, 

 and very broad. 



40. U. c. MONTANA GLABRA MicROPHYLLA. Small-leaved Smooth-leaved Mountain. 

 Field Elm ; Ulmus in. glabra microphylla, of Loudon. 



4L U. c. MONTANA GLABRA PENDULA. PeJidulous -branched Smooth-leaved Moun- 

 tain Field Elm; Ulmus m. gkibra pendnla, of Loudon; Doirnton Elm. of the 

 English ; a tree raised in 1810, in Smith's nursery, at Worcester, from seeds 

 obtained from a tree in Nottinghamshire. Mr. Knight, of Downton Castle, pur- 

 chased some trees from this nursery ; and one of them turned out to be that weep- 

 ing variety, which has since obtamed the name of the "Downton Elm." "On 

 writing to Mr. Smith," observes Loudon, " to endeavour to get some information 

 respecting the trees that produced the seed, he informs us in answer, that, after 

 making every inquiry in Nottinghamshire, respecting these trees, he finds, ' they 

 were a mixture of wych and English ; probably they were all planted as English ; 

 but being grafted trees, and being planted by the side of a public road, they might 

 have been broken oif at the graft, when young. At any rate, the plants produced 

 from the seeds were a complete mixture of the English and wych elms, both by 

 their leaves and their manner of growth. The original trees in Nottinghamshire 

 have been long since cut down, and the ground built upon. The plants which I 

 raised, not meeting with a ready sale, I grafted them with the common English 

 elm, which is more in demand in this neighbourhood.' Mr. Knight observes that 

 the ' Downton elm is more remarkable for the singularity of its form and growth, 

 than for its value as a timber tree.' " 



42. U. c. MONTANA GLABRA VARiEGATA. Variegoted-leaved Smooth-leaved Mouiitain 

 Field Elm; Ulmus m. glabra variegata, of Loudon, with variegated leaves. 



Geography and History. The Ulmus campestris is a native of the middle and 

 south of Europe, the west of Asia, and of Barbary. In France and Spain, it is 

 found in great abundance ; and many botanists consider it as a native of Eng- 

 land; but as this tree seldom ripens its seeds in Britain, though it docs so freely, 

 in the neighbourhood of Paris, it can hardly be considered as truly indigenous to 

 that island. According to Sir L E. Smith, it is found wild in woods and hedges 

 in the southern parts of England, particularly in the New Forest, in Hampshire, 

 and in Sussex and Norfolk. 



This tree was known to the ancient Greeks, as it appears evident from Pliny 

 mentioning that they iiad two distinct kinds of elm, one inhabiting the mountains, 

 and the other the plains. The Romans, he adds, had four kinds; the " moun- 



* Arboretum Bntannicum. iii., p. 1 104. 



