MANAOS AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 297 



me of the highest significance that this fact is equally 

 true of any two individuals of different sexes, belonging 

 to different human races. The child born of negro and 

 white parents is neither black nor white, but a mulatto ; 

 the child born of white and Indian parents is neither 

 white nor Indian, but a mameluco ; the child born of 

 negro and Indian parents is neither a negro nor an In- 

 dian, but a cafuzo ; and the cafuzo, mameluco, and mulatto 

 share the peculiarities of both parents, just as the mule 

 shares the characteristics of the horse and ass. With 

 reference to their offspring, the races of men stand, then, 

 to one another in the same relation as different species 

 among animals ; and the word races, in its present signi- 

 ficance, needs only to be retained till the number of human 

 species is definitely ascertained and their true characteristics 

 fully understood. I am satisfied that, unless it can be shown 

 that the differences between the Indian, negro, and white 

 races are unstable and transient, it is not in keeping with 

 the facts to affirm a community of origin for all the va- 

 rieties of the human family, nor in keeping with scientific 

 principles to make a difference between human races and 

 animal species in a systematic point of view. In these 

 various forms of humanity there is as much system as in 

 anything else in nature, and by overlooking the thoughtful 

 combinations expressed in them we place ourselves at once 

 outside of the focus from which the whole may be correctly 

 seen. In consequence of their constancy, these differences 

 are so many limitations to prevent a complete melting of 

 normal types into each other and consequent loss of their 

 primitive features. That these different types are geneti- 

 cally foreign to one another, and do not run together by 

 imperceptible, intermediate degrees, appears plain when 



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