PENNSYLVANIA 3 



to the city, but the people of the region use a great 

 deal of it on their lands. Being hear a good market, 

 and their lands having long been worked, they find 

 this manner of improving their fields very convenient. 

 Ordinary upland, they find, will not take more than 15- 

 20 bushels to the acre, but their fat clayey low-grounds 

 more than twice that much. 



About Swedes-Ford there are very considerable 

 marble-quarries. The limestone hills just now men- 

 tioned are on the east side of the river, and close by 

 the bank break off steep and rough ; the western bank 

 on the other hand is low. The total breadth of this 

 limestone tract, which cuts the stream in an eastern 

 and north-eastern direction, is from one to two miles, 

 and maybe more. Most of the marble is got high up 

 in the mountain where it shows itself in thick beds, 

 falling away to the east at an angle of perhaps 80 

 degrees. These strata resting one upon another almost 

 perpendicularly are very clearly distinguished by divers 

 rifts and clefts as well as by the changed colors. This 

 can scarcely have been their original bearing ; rather it 

 is likely that they have suffered a powerful alteration 

 of their bed. This marble is not the finest, does not 

 take the best polish, and scales under the chisel. In 

 color it is chiefly white and grey, diversly mixed. 



On the low hills to the west of the river, made up 

 likewise of limestone rock, loose quartz-fragments are 

 found in great quantity, frequently set off with fine 

 crystals. These occur especially on Mr. Rambo's land, 

 which is throughout based on the limestone. This ob- 

 servation, that crystals are very generally if not always 

 found on limestone soil, I have confirmed in many other 

 parts of America. 



