SCHOPF AMERICAN TRAVELS. 



In Carolina there are found almost all the varieties of oak which 

 appear elsewhere in North America ; but about Charleston and on the 

 near-by islands the following are chiefly seen : 



'///(' IViUow-JcaTcd Oak. Quercus Phellos Linn., the swamp-oak with 



the willow-leaf. Catesb. I, i6. 



It grows to be a strong and comely tree. It is not so common 

 in South Carolina as in North Carolina; it is also found in the more 

 northern provinces, but not beyond Pensylvania, where, however, it is 

 smaller aiicl holds its leaves only in mild winters, whereas here the 

 leaves are kept as a rule the winter through, although some of them 

 fall. 



The Live-Oak. Quercus virginiana Mill. Quercus Phellos. /?. foliis 



oblongatis non sinuatis, L. Cat. I, 17. 



This splendid oak grows strong, tall, and handsome. There is a 

 certain difference as between the leaves of young or old trees and 

 limbs, which often gives them the appearance of distinct varieties. The 

 leaves of the young trees, and of the young limbs of older trees, are 

 lance-shaped or oblong, and are set with little points at the edge. 

 The other leaves are similar to these in shape, but blunted, the upper 

 surface somewhat wrinkled, the under, downy or white, quite curled 

 at the edges. The Catesbean figure is therefore not precisely exact, 

 showing these leaves smooth, as it does, when they are not. This 

 difference as between the leaves borne in mind, it will be found that 

 the Linnean character of the Quercus Ilex will also apply at times 

 to the young trees of this species of oak. In addition there are sundry 

 other varieties ; sub-varieties appear with leaves exactly similar as 

 to shape, but smooth and shining on the surface, and beneath merely 

 silver-colored, without the least down. The leaves are invariably 

 strong and thick, and throughout the year keep green and vigorous. 

 This oak is not onlv an ornament in the forest but furnishes the most 

 excellent and suitable ship-timber. A ship built of it, and hence 

 called the "Live-Oak," was 40 years and more at sea, and was several 

 times new-planked. This oak is to be found most abundantly in 

 Georgia, but there as well as in the Carolinas only on the sea-coast 

 or not far from it ; it grows 40-50 feet tall. 



The Highland U'illozv Oak. Quercus Phellos humilis. 7. L.. Catesb. 



I, 22. 



This grows in dry places and is not rare here ; but attains only a 

 moderate size. The leaves are lance-shaped, but shorter than those of 

 the first willow-oak, and are smooth on both surfaces ; the leaves have 

 several incuts and points. 



The Water-Oak. Quercus uliginosa Wangenheim. Quercus folio non 



ferrato, in summitate quasi triangulo. Cat. I, 20. 



This oak is pretty common in the southern provinces, as often to 

 be met with as any other. It grows preferably indeed in low, moist, 

 and good soil, but not exclusively, being found also in dry places. The 



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