140 TRAVELS IN THE CONFEDERATION 



The reservoir to which the water is brought stands 

 more than 80 ft. above the spring, reckoning in the 

 natural elevation. Thence the water is taken through 

 sundry pipes to special cisterns, and is carried to all 

 parts of the place, even to parts lying higher than the 

 tower, and so every house is supplied adequately with 

 good water. This water-works has repeatedly had the 

 disagreeable experience that the strongest pipes were 

 burst by the air held in the water until there was in- 

 stalled recently a large copper air-bubble, at the point 

 where the distributing pipes leave the pump-pipe, and 

 by that means the air developing was given a void. + 



Hard by the river stands a new brewery, a profitable 

 and excellently ordered establishment under the direc- 

 tion of Mr. Sigmund Leshinsky. The water for brew- 

 ing is pumped from the river. The cauldron in which 

 it is boiled is placed so high that the boiling water is 

 easily run out over the malt, and is thence sent back to 

 the cauldron, by a hand-pump, for the seething of the 

 hops. Thence it is drawn through pipes to the cooling- 

 tub, and passed on through other pipes to the casks in 

 the cellar immediately beneath. By this method two or 

 three men are sufficient for all the work. The malt is 

 air-dried. The beer is excellent. The year before Mr. 

 Leshinsky had brewed beer of oats, and he makes the 

 assertion that of all the American grains oats give the 

 best beer ; but the preparation is somewhat troublesome 

 and requires stricter attention, oats sprouting rapidly 

 when softened. When the cellar for this brewery was 

 dug, it was matter of inexplicable astonishment to find 

 10 ft. below the surface and at least 15-20 ft. away 

 from the bed of the stream, an iron nail of the thickness 

 of a little finger and three inches long. Nobody knew 



