U6 TRAVELS IN THE CONFEDERATION 



families * have already come to live, under the over- 

 sight of directors and pastors, dwelling together 

 quietly and peaceably in well-built wigwams, having 

 renounced war and the chase, accustoming themselves 

 gradually to the tillage of the land, and so laying the 

 first foundations of a civilized way of life. Similar 

 attempts have been made with success by the Jesuit 

 missionaries in Canada and in Florida, and by blame- 

 less, pious men f in the English colonies ; and by these 

 it has been proved that the so-called American savages 

 under a milder and more intelligent treatment are not 

 so absolutely incapable of a moral life as had been 

 commonly imagined. It is very general in America 



* " At the beginning of the year 1781 there were at Schon- 

 brunn 143, at Gnadenhiitten 135, and at Salem 105, of whom 

 315 baptized and 68 unbaptized (mostly children), in all 385 

 persons " The bringing together of this Christian Indian 

 colony was due to the efforts some 30 years ago of an Indian 

 named Papunhank. At first these Indians lived at Whihaloo- 

 sing on the Susquehannah, 200 miles from Philadelphia. But 

 when European colonists began to increase in their neighbor- 

 hood and grew troublesome the Indians voluntarily removed 

 to the Muskingum. An especial cause of their removal was to 

 escape the danger of intoxicating drinks, which had been 

 brought among them by their new neighbors and were making 

 idle all their efforts at keeping the peace and living orderly. 

 Papunhank, on a visit to Philadelphia, had particularly re- 

 quested that nobody give his people strong drinks or send any 

 to them where they lived. 



t Thomas Mayhew, John Elliot and others in Maryland who 

 have left accounts of the happy outcome of their labors. Later 

 accounts, with proofs of the Indian susceptibility of moral and 

 religious instruction, are contained in, David Brainard's Mira- 

 bilia Dei inter Indicos, or The Rise and progress of a remark- 

 able Work of Grace amongst a number of Indians, in the 

 Provinces of New Jersey & Pensylvania &c. 



