FROM NAZARETH TO CARLISLE 211 



dose. He kept on his way quite calmly, but the dog 

 jumped back with a distressing howl, and was chased 

 off by us as precipitately. For both he and the atmos- 

 phere stank unspeakably at the moment ; he rubbed 

 his muzzle incessantly in the sand, and wallowed in 

 every puddle, but the unbearable smell stayed by him 

 4-5 days, and he had to submit to be run out of houses 

 everywhere. 



Hummelstown a place of perhaps 50 houses, built 

 along the road, and only 20 years begun. The first 

 land-lord, Hummel, a German, has been dead some 

 years. The town lots are 60 ft. by 80 and pay 15 

 shillings yearly Pensylv. Current. A mile from the 

 place, behind Valentin Hummel's house, there is a 

 cavern which reaches quite through a limestone hill. 

 The cavern is 4-500 ft. long, and from 12 to 30 ft. 

 high. The larger entrance curves considerably to the 

 southwest, towards the Swatara ; the smaller opening 

 gives to the northwest. The rock is the grey, scaly 

 limestone, which is the same as far as Nazareth. Large 

 pieces of rock lie fallen in the cave, which has nothing 

 remarkable to show beyond many variously shaped 

 stalactites. Bats live there. Petrifactions are looked 

 for in vain, as throughout this limestone tract. With- 

 out doubt there are similar caves in this and other 

 regions where the rock is stratified ; far above this 

 cave may be seen sunken spots due to the rock giving 

 beneath ; sinks like these appear frequently where no 

 caves are known to exist below. Valentin Hummel, 

 who took us to the place, was of the opinion that the 

 land of this region is too good for dunging because it 

 still brings good hemp ; indeed the hemp stood here- 

 abouts six to eight feet high, but is raised only for do- 



