RETURN FROM PITTSBURG 325 



dense, and heavy species of stone which had the look 

 of limestone but was not so, being apparently a clayey 

 talky slate. 



From Tutteral's, a solitary tavern standing by the 

 road, it is 39 miles to Baltimore. The road continued 

 east, over low hills, which lie in ranges running 

 mostly north and south with a few deviations. They 

 are neither high nor broad, with undulating ridges, 

 and all of them covered with the reddish sandy-clay 

 soil. A few autumn flowers excepted, asteres and 

 solidagines, there was nothing to be seen the whole 

 day but sorry cabins, barren hills, and unsightly woods. 

 The first 9 miles the greenish stones were still found. 

 The next 6-8 miles there appeared beautiful, white, 

 shining quartz, at first showing green veins or flecks 

 but farther on quite pure. The soil then changed more 

 to a red clay with small particles of mica. Near 

 Allen's mill, 18 miles from Baltimore, there began a 

 tract of pale clayey soil, very micaceous ; at this place 

 a rather high wall of quartz and mica mixed, or foliated 

 gneissic stone. Two miles farther, white clay full of 

 mica, and white quartz in fragments. Here the ob- 

 servation was again confirmed, which I had already 

 made in other parts of America, that mica is found in 

 greater quantity in the stones and soils nearer the sea- 

 coast, diminishing towards the interior country. 



The last seven miles this side Baltimore there ap- 

 peared along the road fragments of a soft, coarse, 

 iron-bearing stone, more or less mixed with mica, 

 varying greatly in composition, hardness and color. 

 Some of these had the look of serpentine ; others on 

 the contrary struck fire on steel. They were all more 

 or less green. This greenish stone, which begins in 



