158 



MUSCINE/E 



on their under side ; these male and female i?iflorescences^ as they are 

 termed, may be either monoecious or dioecious. In the foliose orders 

 there is a great variety in their locality and mode of origin. 



The antherid originates as a 

 papilliform swelling of a super- 

 ficial cell, from which it is marked 

 off by a septum. When mature 

 it is seated on a pedicel or stalk, 

 and consists of an external layer 

 of cells containing chlorophyll, 

 which encloses the mother-cells of 

 the antherozoids. The antherid 

 dehisces by longitudinal fissures 

 into valves, and the mother-cells 

 themselves escape into the sur- 

 rounding moisture, into which 

 each discharges an antherozoid. 

 The antherozoids are slender 

 threads of protoplasm, with from 

 one to three spiral coils, and are 

 provided at the anterior end with 

 two long and very slender cilia, by 

 means of which they ' swarm ' in 

 the water with a rotating motion. 

 The archegone also first makes 

 its appearance as a papillose out- 

 growth of a superficial cell, which 

 then becomes separated in the 

 same manner. After this mother- 

 cell has divided several times 

 longitudinally, the central one of 



Fig. xii.—Gottschea appendiculata N. ab E. (magnified). 



the cells thus formed divides transversely into an upper stigmatic or 

 lid-cell and a lower cell. Two layers are subsequently formed, the 

 upper of which becomes the neck of the archegone, the lower its ventral 



