342 FUNGI 



Rrefeld — Ueber G'ahrung, iii. (Landw, Jahrb., Thiel, v., 1876). 



Coemans — Spicilege mycologique (Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. , i.). 



Coemans — Quelques Ilyphomj-cetes nouveaux (Bull. Acad. Roy. de Belgique, 2 ser,, 



Tom. XV.). 

 Coemans — Recherches sur le polymorphisme et les differents appareils de reproduction. 



chez les ^Nlucorinees (z'/^z^., Tom. xvi.). 

 Coemans — Monographic du genre Pilobolus (Mem. Couronn. de I'Acad. Roy. d. 



Belgique, Tom. xxx. ). 

 Cunningham — On the Occurrence of Conidial Fructification in the Mucorini, illustrated 



by Choanephora (Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 2 ser., i., 1878). 

 Fresenius — Beitr. zur Mycologie, i. and iii. 

 Gilkinet — Mem. sur le polymorphisme des Champignons (Mem. Couronn. Acad. 



Belg., Tom. xxvi. , 1875). 

 Hildebrand — Ueber zwei neue S5'zygites Formen (Pringsh. Jahrb., vi.). 

 Klein — Zur Kenntniss des Pilobolus (Pringsh. Jahrb., viii. ). 

 Tulasne — Xote sur les phenomenes de copulation, &c. (Ann. Sc. Xat. , 5 ser., Tom. 



vi., 1866). 

 Van Tieghem et Le Monnier — Rech. sur les Mucorinees (Ann. Sc. Xat., 5 ser., Tom. 



xxvii., 1873). 

 Van Tieghem — Xouv. Rech. sur les Mucorinees {ibid., 6 ser., Tom. i., 1875). 

 A'an Tieghem — Troisieme Mem. sur les Mucorinees {ibid., 6 ser., Tom. iv. , 1876). 

 Zimmermann — Das Genus Mucor (Chemnitz, 1871). 



Order 2. — EntomophthoretE. 



This small group of parasites inhabiting the bodies of insects agrees 

 with the Mucorini only in the formation of zygosperms. The mycele 

 vegetates within the body of the insect attacked, and consists either of 

 septate branching hyphse (Entomophthora, Fres.), or of a yeast-like mass 

 of cells (Empusa, Cohn). Zygosperms are formed, as described by 

 Nowakowski (Entomophthora ovispora, Nowak., and E. curv^ispora, 

 Nowak.), by the conjugation of adjacent hyphje which emit correspond- 

 ing lateral protuberances. These meet, become united in an H fashion 

 (somewhat as in SpirogjTa), and enter thus into open communication. 

 As a result of this conjugation, there arises, either on the conjugating 

 branches or near them, a globular body, which develops at the expense 

 of the protoplasm of the united hyph^e, and finally becomes cut off. by 

 a wall. This must be regarded as a zygosperm, morphologically the 

 equivalent of that of Piptocephalis. Azygosperms occur in E. radicans 

 (Bref.) and certain species of Empusa, arising either as lateral out- 

 growths, or sometimes as terminal bodies. The cell-membrane of both 

 zygosperms and azygosperms becomes much thickened and differen- 

 tiated into a thick extine, generally of regular outline, and a thin intine, 

 while in the contents a large fatty drop appears. Zygosperms and 

 azygosperms both rest for a considerable period within the dead body 



