ASCOMYCETES 373 



It traverses the fundamental coil, and its apex grows out as a trichogyne 

 which protrudes through a stomate of the leaf of the host-plant. PoUinoids 

 have been observed attached to it, but so far no actual communication 

 has been detected. Accompanying the trichogyne are a few fine hyphae, 

 which, after the collapse of the trichogyne, protrude through the stomate 

 like the tip of a small brush. The farther development of the sporocarp 

 (the envelope-tissue arising from the fundamental coil) is like that of the 

 last type, with this difference, that, instead of an apothece, it is a perithece 

 which is here produced. 



The ascospore produces on germinating a short promycelial tube, 

 the end of which bears a sporid. The sporid, on germinating in turn 

 on the leaf of a suitable host (Prunus), sends its germ-tube through the 

 outer wall of the epiderm, and branches within the epidermal cell, 

 these branches again penetrating into the parenchyme of the leaf. Here 

 a thallus is formed, which remains covered by the epiderm of the leaf of 

 the host until the sporocarp is again produced. 



10. XvLARiE.t, &c. — In Xylaria (Hill), Hypoxylon (Bull.), Ustulina 

 (TuL), Diatrype (Fr.), Stictosphseria (Tub), Eut}'pa (Tub), Xummularia 

 (Tub), and Quaternaria (Tub), we have the occurrence of a fundamental 

 coil preceding the formation of the peritheces, followed by the gradual 

 disappearance, as mentioned above for Xylaria, of ' A^'oronin'■s hypha,' 

 which is formed in it, without its taking part in the fomiation of the 

 ascogenous hyph^. These arise, together with the paraphyses, from 

 the perithecial wall. Xo trichogyne is formed from ' A\'oronin"s hypha,' 

 and there are no antherids. Before the formation of the peritheces in 

 Xylaria there are borne on the same stroma in dense hymenia bodies 

 which resemble acrospores, or it may be pollinoids. In this genus they 

 have not been observed to germinate, though similar bodies germinate 

 freely in Ustulina, e.g., and other genera. In Xylaria at all events 

 they may be functionless pollinoids persisting in an organism in which 

 indications of a carpogone (in the form of ' Woronin's hypha ') also still 

 remain. 



11. ScLEROTixiA (Fckl.). — The sporocarp of Sclerotiniasclerotiorum 

 (de By.) is in the form of a disc at first cup-shaped, borne at the summit 

 of a stalk arising from a sclerote. It takes its origin from an entangled 

 primordial coil of hyphje with gelatinous membranes situated just 

 beneath the dark peripheral cells of the sclerote. There are many such 

 coils in each sclerote, but they do not all attain this farther development. 

 The bundle of hyphae constituting the stalk of the sporocarp breaks 

 forth, as has been said, from this region of the sclerote, the central 

 portion of the hyphae arising from the coil, and the external hyphce from 

 the ordinary tissue of the sclerote. In the growth of the stalk it has 



