ASCOMYCETES 381 



place by the sprouting process described, though they may retain the 

 power of germinating for a longer period. 



This cell-increase by sprouting is, as has been seen, by no means 

 confined to Saccharomyces, but occurs in other groups of fungi (e.g. 

 Mucor), and the special character which entitles them to this place in 

 the classification of fungi is the production of asci, which they share 

 only with the Ascomycetes. They may therefore be regarded as much 

 degraded Ascomycetous forms — the other alternative, that they are early 

 forms from which typical Ascomycetes have developed, being disposed 

 of by the establishment of the connection of this great group with the 

 Phycomycetes as already described. 



Literature. 



Barenetski — Entwickel. d. Gymnoascus Reessii (Bot. Zeit. , 1872). 



'De Bary— Ueber d. Fruchtentwickel. d. Ascomyceten (Leipzig, 1863). 



De Bary — Beitr. zur Morph. u. Physiol, d. Pilze, iii., 1870. 



De Bary — Exoascus Pruni (Beitr., i.). 



De Bary — Ueber einige Sclerotinien, &c. (Bot. Zeit., 1886). 



Bauke — Zur Entwickelungsgesch. d. Ascomyceten (Bot. Zeit., 1877). 



Bauke — Beitr. zur Kenntniss d. Pycniden (Nova Acta Leop., xxxviii. , 1876). 



Borzi — Studii sulla sessualita degli Ascomicete (N. Giorn. Bot. Ital. , x. , 1878). 



Brefeld— Botan. Untersuch., ii. and iv. ; compare also v. 



Brefeld — Mucor racemosus und Hefe (Flora, 1873). 



Brefeld — Ueber Gahrung (Thiel's Landwirthsch. Jahrb. , 1875, 1876). 



Cienkowski — Die Pilze der Kahmhaut (Melanges Biol. Acad. St. Petersb., viii.). 



Cornu — Reproduction des Ascomycetes (Ann. Sc. Nat., 6 ser., Tom. 11). 



Currey — On the Fructification of certain Sphaeriaceous Fungi (Phil. Trans. Roy. 



Soc, 1858). 

 Eidam— Beitr. zur Kenntniss d. Gymnoasceen (Cohn's Beitr., iii.). 

 Eidam — Zur Kenntniss d. Entwickel. d. Ascomyceten {ibid.). 

 Eidam — Ueber Pycniden (Bot. Zeit., 1877). 

 Engel — Les ferments alcooliques, 1872. 



Fisch — Zur Entwickelungsgesch. einiger Ascomyceten (Bot, Zeit., 1872). 

 Fiiisting— De nonnullis Apothecii Lichenum evolvendi rationibus (Diss, inaug, 



Berol., 1865). 

 Fliisting — Zur Entwickelungsgesch. d. Pyrenomyceten (Bot. Zeit., 1867, 1868), 

 Eiiisting — Zur Entwickelungsgesch. Lichenen {ibid., 1868). 



Gibelli — Sugli org. reprod. del gen. Verrucaria (Mem. Soc, Ital, di Scienc. Nat., i.). 

 Gibelli e Griffini — Sul polimorfismo della Pleospora herbarum (Arch. d. Laborat. di 



Bot. Crittog. Pavia, i., 1875). 

 Gilkinet — Recherches sur les Pyrenomycetes (Ball. Acad. Belg., 1874). 

 Hansen — Oidium lactis, &c. (Medd. fra Carlsberg Laborat., Bd. i. ). 

 Hansen— Untersuch. iiber d. Physiol, u. Morph. d. Alkoholfermente {ibid.). 

 Hansen — Untersuch. iiber d. Organismen welche sich zu verschiedenen Jahreszeiten 



in d. Luft finden, &c. {ibid.). 

 Hansen— Untersuch. iiber d. Physiol, u. Morph. d. Alkoholgiihrungspilze {ibid., 



Bd. ii.). 



