( ISO ) 



tapering than in the Western and Easleru subspecies, and the npper edge of the 

 vertical ridtje is more or less straight (apart from the teeth). The vertical process 

 is rather obvionsly variable in iiireiis nin'.iis as well as in nh-eus lyaeus. In our 

 two specimens from near Bandawe, Lake Nvassa, it is sinnate, but not denticulate. 

 In West African specimens it is often stronglj' produced distad, while in individuals 

 of bjaeus from British East Africa it is not rarely narrow and truncate. 



The three Continental subspecies of P. iiircus are distributed as follows : 



a. P. nireus nireus. 



Piipllio Eques nireus Linne, Sijst. Nat. ed. x. p. 4(U. n. 38 (1708) ( ? , Ind. !). 



i^ierra Leone to Central Angola, eastwards to the Nandi country, Kavirondo, 

 probably extending to the Eldoma Ravine. 

 Most of the Congo specimens are large. 



Ij. P. nireus lyaeus. 



Piqiiliu li/aeus Doubleday, Ann. Mmj. A'. //. xvi. p. 176 (18-1.?) (Atr. austr.). 

 Pujiilio lyaeus aeli/us Suffert, Iris xvii. p. 98 (1904) (German E. Afr.).* 



Cape Colony to Southern Angola, northward to the Kikuyu Escarpment, 



. British East Africa, east of the Eldoma Ravine. Mt. Kenia comes doubtless 



in tlie range of this form ; we have not seen specimens from there. 



The differences on which Suffert relies in the description of aeli/us are purely 

 individual. 



'•. P. nireus pseudonireus. 



Papiliu 2>seudiinircus Felder, I.e. 



The mountainous regions of Northern Somaliland, northwards to Eritrea. 



The (? of nireus differs constantly from that of bromius in the claspers being 

 triangular, as already pointed out by Doubleday in 1845. The vaginal armature of 

 the ? is also conspicuously different in the two species, the antevaginal, strongly 

 chitinised, ridge being in broiitea mesially produced into a denticulate lobe and 

 laterally armed with one long tooth, while the ridge is simple and mesially sinnate 

 in nireus. With both species is mixed uj) in collections a third, of which we know 

 as yet only the S- We have described it as Fapilio sosia in iVos. Zool. x. p. 488 

 (1003). 



♦ Paj)ilio clirapkmvsJdi Suffert, I.e. t. 2. f. 2 ((J) (Nairobi) is a form of P. bromius. We have sixty 

 odd specimens of this form, which, though completely intergrading with hromivs hrontes and hrtiinhis 

 bromius, must be kept separate as a geographical race confined to the Ravine districts of British East 

 Africa. 



Papilio phoreas tippeWiirchi Suffert, I.e. p. 'JO. t. 1. f. 1 is the same as plwrcax amortjei, described 

 from the same district in Nov. Zool. iii. p. 324 (ISiHi). The insect is common iu the hills cast and west of 

 the Ravine. The " subspecies " named by Herr Suifert iu Iris xvii., Papilio tlardanus btivisi, d. beitio, 

 P. rcnta tnacttlatus, c. discoptuirtattis, r. salitami, e. aecn", P. crherioidrK ri<lesclii, P. eytutrta itorcyta, 

 P. zenobi'i ttobicea, P. cijpraeajila Jilaprac, c. pracei/ola, P. hcspcriis mantlatissioius, P. viaekiitiunii 

 iminaculatus, vi. bimacnlatits, P. demodocies docusdriiio, d. iilbicani, P. ophidoctphahis phtiliisro, P. pylades 

 Itijjydts, P. cyrntis nusci/rtis, P. ucafryon Injouitea, P. ntjamcdrs iiiedrsaija, P. policc/u's lipoiu'.ica and 

 /'. rolonnti lonroiia are not goograpiiical forms, b.it individual aberrations. The number of such iadi- 

 \ id iial aberrations can be augmented to any extent, because no two individuals arc actu.ally identical. 

 The great difUculty in the naming of individual forms is the question where to stop. The number 

 of geographical races, on the contrary, is always limited. 



Piijiiflii iiiocbii Suffert aj'pcars Im be a narrow-banded specimen of Itachci. 



