State Agricultural Society. 269 



izers are so perfectly saved that the stables are fresh and sweet as a 

 Flemish kitchen; and besides all these natural resources, manure is 

 manufactured in great quantities. The commonest way is to add sul- 

 phate of iron to animal manures at the rate of one kilo of the sulphate 

 dissolved in twenty pints of water to the manure of twenty head of 

 cattle. Cattle abound. The introduction of Durham cattle added one 

 third to the value of this kind of stock; but other breeds are used. 



The rotation practiced in Flemish husbandry is as follows: 1, pota- 

 toes; 2, rye, with carrots; 3, flax; 4, rye; 5, turnips; 6, oats. This is 

 for a poor, sandy soil. For the best soils: 1, tobacco; 2, colza; 3, wheat, 

 with clover; 4, clover; 5, rye; 6, oats; 7, flax; 8, turnips. We have 

 here the great principles of successful farming admirably illustrated — 

 rotation, fine tillage, high manuring. Even flax growing, considered in 

 England an exhausting crop, is made beneficial to the soil of Flanders, 

 and gives an average crop of thirty -three or thirt} 7 -four hundred weight 

 to the acre. Between Ghent and Antwerp a cow is kept for every three 

 acres of land. The beet-root is of immense value to Holland, and also 

 to France and Germany, in supporting their cattle and in giving addi- 

 tional value to the manure. 



The agriculture of Germany is rapidly becoming perfected through 

 the ample provisions for agricultural education. The study of the de- 

 tails of experimental farming in France, Germany, Austria, and now in 

 Eussia, should be a part of the training of every American farmer. In 

 no European country can the timedionored privileges of class give way 

 to the necessities and claims of agricultural labor without a conflict, 

 while in America, free lands, liberty of conscience, and free education, 

 offer to it a prospect as boundless as it is inspiring. As every narrow 

 sentiment of nationality is here becoming lost and merged in the more 

 exalted sense of humanity, so the distinctions of class, and the jealousies 

 between capital and labor, will lose themselves in an equality of educa- 

 tion and the application of science to the laws of individual, social, and 

 national life. 



